Teamwork, Communication, Change, Innovation

1. Teamwork, Communication, Change, Innovation H Edu 4790/6790

2. Teams in Organizations • Informal groups • Committees • Task forces • Cross-functional teams • Quality circles

3. Self-Managed Work Teams • Collectively accountable • Distribute tasks • Scheduling work • Perform more than one job • Develop multiple job skills • Evaluate each other • Responsible for total quality

4. Team Development • Forming • Storming • Norming • Performing • (Adjourning)

5. Team Effectiveness and Diversity • Lost at Sea • Pros and cons of group decisions • Importance of diversity

6. Building norms • Role model • Reinforce behaviors • Control • Train and orient • Recruit good people • Regular reviews • Good decision making

7. Cohesiveness

8. Building Cohesiveness • Induce agreement • Increase homogeneity • Increase interaction • Decrease size • Introduce competition • Reward team work • Isolate from other teams

9. Groupthink symptoms • Invulnerability • Rationalizing • Group morality • Stereotyping competitors • Reject deviant behavior • Self-censorship • Illusions of unanimity • Mind guarding

10. Avoiding groupthink • Critical evaluator • Look to more than one option • Discuss issues with outsiders • Invite outside experts to participate • Assign “devil’s advocate” • Hold “second-chance” meeting

11. Communication • The creation or exchange of understanding between sender(s) and receiver(s).

12. Model Sender Receiver Receiver Sender Message Feedback

13. Encode and Decode • Examples • Environmental barriers • Personal barriers

14. Symbols • Uniforms • Pictures • Smile or pat on the back • Words

15. Mixed messages • Words communicate one message while actions, body language, or appearance communicate something else.

16. Example • My neighbor gets up early every morning. • My cousin plans on being very successful some day. • My friend reads a lot of books each summer. • I hope to live to a ripe old age. • My friend comes from a big family.

17. Model Noise Sender Receiver Receiver Sender Message Feedback Noise

18. Feedback • Give feedback directly and with feeling • Make feedback specific • Timing • Make sure feedback is valid • Give in small doses

19. Communication types • Body • Mind • Heart • Shadows

20. Active listening • Listen for content • Listen for feelings • Respond to feelings

21. Perception and communication • Stereotypes • Halo effect • Selective perception • Projection

22. Paths • Downward • Upward • Horizontal • Diagonal

23. Informal • Grapevine • Formal follows corporate channels • Informal—interpersonal relations

24. How to improve • MBWA • Open office hours • Staff advisory councils • Suggestion boxes • Email

25. The incident!

26. Conflict • Substantive • Emotional • Functional • Dysfunctional • Person • Interpersonal

27. Conflict management style • Avoidance • Accommodation or smoothing • Competition or authoritative command • Compromise • Collaborative (win-win)

28. Conflict resolution • Appeal to higher goals • Expand resources • Alter one or more human variables • Alter physical environment • Use integrating devices • Change the reward system • Policies and procedures

29. Results of conflict management • Lose-lose • Win-lose • Win-win

30. Planned change • Response to performance gap • Targets for change • Tasks • People • Culture • Technology • Structure

31. Process of change • Stage 1 – Change identification • Stage 2 – Implementation planning • Stage 3 – Implementation • Unfreezing • Changing • Refreezing • Stage 4 – Evaluation and feedback

32. Why do we hate change? • Why do people resist change?

33. Resistance to change • Fear of the unknown • Disrupted habits • Loss of confidence • Loss of control

34. Resistance to change • Poor timing • Work overload • Loss of face • Lack of purpose

35. Overcoming resistance to change • Force-coercion • Rational persuasion • Shared power

36. Organization Development (OD)

37. Stress • Consequences • Constructive stress • Destructive stress • Job burnout • Workplace rage • Stress management strategies

38. Creativity • Style of learning and thinking

39. Creativity

40. Creativity • ___________ program • r \ e \ a \ d \ i \ n \ g • ECNALG

41. Creativity • Stand I • j u yousme t

42. Creativity

43. 10 Ways to enhance creativity • Look for more than one “right” answer • Avoid too much logic • Challenge rules • Ask “what if” questions • Make ambiguity work for you

44. 10 Ways to enhance creativity • Look on the positive side of error • Take time to play • Break out of your specialization • Support nonconformity • Believe in your creativity

45. Intuition • Your intuitive ability

46. How managers deal with problems • System thinking • Intuitive thinking • Multidimensional thinking • Strategic opportunism

47. Innovation • Innovation is change, but change is not always innovation • Innovation is the process of taking a new idea and putting it into practice • Process innovation • Product innovation

48. Four steps in innovation • Idea creation • Initial experimentation • Feasibility determination • Final application

49. Innovation roles • Idea generators • Information gatekeepers • Product champions • Project managers • Innovation leaders • Change agents