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Unit 10: Personality

Unit 10: Personality. Unit Overview. The Psychoanalytic Perspective The Humanistic Perspective The Trait Perspective The Social-Cognitive Perspective Exploring the Self. Click on the any of the above hyperlinks to go to that section in the presentation. Introduction.

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Unit 10: Personality

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  1. Unit 10:Personality

  2. Unit Overview • The Psychoanalytic Perspective • The Humanistic Perspective • The Trait Perspective • The Social-Cognitive Perspective • Exploring the Self Click on the any of the above hyperlinks to go to that section in the presentation.

  3. Introduction • Personality

  4. Psychoanalytic Perspective

  5. Exploring the Unconscious • Parts of the mind • Conscious • Preconscious • Unconscious • Free association • Psychoanalysis • Repression

  6. Exploring the UnconsciousPersonality Structure • Personality structure • Id • Pleasure principle • Ego • Reality principle • Superego • conscience

  7. Exploring the UnconsciousPersonality Development • Psychosexual stages • Oral • Anal • Phallic • Latency • Genital

  8. Exploring the UnconsciousPsychosexual Stages

  9. Exploring the UnconsciousPersonality Development • Erogenous zones • Oedipus complex • Electra complex • Identification • Fixation

  10. Exploring the UnconsciousDefense Mechanisms • Defense mechanisms • Repression • Regression • Reaction formation • Projection • Rationalization • Displacement • Sublimation • Denial

  11. The Neo-Freudian Theorists • Neo-Freudians • Adler’s inferiority complex • Horney’s sense of helplessness • Jung’s collective unconscious • Psychodynamic theory

  12. Assessing Unconscious Processes • Projective Test • Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) • Rorschach Inkblot Test

  13. Thematic Apperception Test

  14. Thematic Apperception Test

  15. Rorschach Inkblot Test

  16. Rorschach Inkblot Test

  17. Evaluating the Psychoanalytic Perspective • Contradictory Evidence • Is repression a myth? • The modern unconscious mind • Terror management theory • Freud’s ideas as scientific theory

  18. The Humanistic Perspective

  19. Abraham Maslow’s Self-Actualizing Person • Abraham Maslow • Self-actualization • Self-transcendence • Peak experiences

  20. Carl Roger’s Person-Centered Perspective • Carl Rogers • Growth promoting climate • Genuineness • Acceptance • Empathy • Unconditional positive regard • Self-concept

  21. Assessing the Self • Self-report tests • Ideal versus actual self

  22. ANXIOUS ATTRACTIVE CARELESS DEPRESSED DISHONEST ENERGETIC FUNNY HAPPY HONEST INTELLIGENT KIND LAZY OPTIMISTIC ORGANIZED OUT-GOING PLAIN RELAXED SAD SERIOUS SHY SLOPPY STRONG UNHELPFUL WEAK

  23. Evaluating the Humanistic Perspective • Renewed interest in self-concept • Criticisms • Vague and subjective • Individualistic and Western biased • Naïve

  24. The Trait Perspective

  25. Traits • Trait • Describing rather than explaining • Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

  26. Exploring TraitsFactor Analysis • Factor analysis • Eysenck and Eysenck • Extroversion versus introversion • Emotional stability versus instability • Eysenck Personality Questionnaire

  27. Exploring TraitsFactor Analysis

  28. Exploring TraitsFactor Analysis

  29. Exploring TraitsFactor Analysis

  30. Exploring TraitsFactor Analysis

  31. Exploring TraitsFactor Analysis

  32. Exploring TraitsBiology and Personality • Brain scans • Brain arousal • Genetics

  33. Assessing Traits • Personality inventory • Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) • Empirically derived test

  34. The Big Five Factors • The Big Five • Conscientiousness • Agreeableness • Neuroticism • Emotional stability vs instability • Openness • Extraversion

  35. The Big Five Factors

  36. The Big Five Factors • Questions on The Big Five • How stable are the traits? • How heritable are the traits? • Do the traits predict other personal attributes?

  37. Evaluating the Trait PerspectiveThe Person-Situation Controversy • Person-situation controversy • Are traits consistent? • Can traits predict behavior?

  38. The Social-Cognitive Perspective

  39. The Social-Cognitive Perspective • Social-cognitive perspective • Social-behavioral approach

  40. Reciprocal Influences • Reciprocal determinism

  41. Reciprocal Influences • Ways individuals and the environment interact • Different people choose different environments • Our personalities shape how we interpret and react to events • Our personalities help create situations to which we react

  42. Personal Control • Personal control • Two ways to study personal control • Correlate people’s feelings of control with their behaviors and achievements • Experiment by raising and lowering people’s sense of control and noting the effects

  43. Personal ControlInternal Versus External Locus of Control • Internal versus external locus of control • External locus of control • Internal locus of control

  44. Personal ControlDepleting and Strengthening Self-Control • Self-control

  45. Personal ControlBenefits of Personal Control • Learned helplessness • Tyranny of choice

  46. Personal ControlOptimism Versus Pessimism • Optimism and Health • Excessive Optimism • Blindness to one’s own incompetence • Positive psychology

  47. Evaluating the Social-Cognitive Perspective • Based on research • Focuses too much on the situation

  48. Comparing Research Methods

  49. Exploring the Self

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