Biology Midterm Review

Biology Midterm Review Press F5 Use the arrows to move from slide to slide Answer all the questions first on notebook paper (Number 1-30) An answer key will be found at the end

1. Which characteristic is shared by all prokaryotes and eukaryotes? • A. ability to store hereditary information • B. use of organelles to control cell processes • C. use of cellular respiration for energy release • D. ability to move in response to environmental stimuli

2. Living organisms can be classified as prokaryotes or eukaryotes. Which two structures are common to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? • A. cell wall and nucleus • B. cell wall and chloroplast • C. plasma membrane and nucleus • D. plasma membrane and cytoplasm

3. Which statement correctly describes how carbon’s ability to form four bonds makes it uniquely suited to form macromolecules? • A. It forms short, simple carbon chains. • B. It forms large, complex, diverse molecules. • C. It forms covalent bonds with other carbon atoms. • D. It forms covalent bonds that can exist in a single plane.

4. Carbohydrates and proteins are two types of macromolecules. Which function of proteins distinguishes them from carbohydrates? • A. large amount of stored information • B. acts as an enzyme in biochemical reactions • C. efficient storage of usable chemical energy • D. tendency to make cell membranes hydrophobic

5. Substance A is converted to substance B in a metabolic reaction. Which statement best describes the role of an enzyme during this reaction? • A. It adjusts the pH of the reaction medium. • B. It provides energy to carry out the reaction. • C. It dissolves substance A in the reaction medium. • D. It speeds up the reaction without being consumed.

6. A scientist observes that, when the pH of the environment surrounding an enzyme is changed, the rate the enzyme catalyzes a reaction greatly decreases. Which statement best describes how a change in pH can affect an enzyme? • A. A pH change can cause the enzyme to change its shape. • B. A pH change can remove energy necessary to activate an enzyme. • C. A pH change can add new molecules to the structure of the enzyme. • D. A pH change can cause an enzyme to react with a different substrate.

7. The units liter, milliliter, and cubic centimeter are all used to measure • A. Volume • B. Mass • C. Length • D. Width

8. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are two major processes of carbon cycling in living organisms. Which statement correctly describes one similarity between photosynthesis and cellular respiration? • A. Both occur in animal and plant cells. • B. Both include reactions that transform energy. • C. Both convert light energy into chemical energy. • D. Both synthesize organic molecules as end products.

9. A protein in a cell membrane changed its shape to move sodium and potassium ions against their concentration gradients. Which molecule was mostlikely used by the protein as an energy source? • A. ATP • B. ADP • C. catalase • D. amylase

10. Carbon dioxide and oxygen are molecules that can move freely across a plasma membrane. What determines the direction that carbon dioxide and oxygen molecules move? • A. orientation of cholesterol in the plasma membrane • B. concentration gradient across the plasma membrane • C. configuration of phospholipids in the plasma membrane • D. location of receptors on the surface of the plasma membrane

11. A cell is placed into a hypertonic solution. The net movement of water across the membrane will be in which direction? • A. Out of the cell • B. Into the cell • C. No net movement • D. No change

12. The rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus work together in eukaryotic cells. What is one way that the rough endoplasmic reticulum assists the Golgi apparatus? • A. It assembles nucleic acids from monomers. • B. It breaks down old, damaged macromolecules. • C. It packages new protein molecules into vesicles. • D. It determines which protein molecules to synthesize.

13. Which example is an activity that humans most likely use to maintain homeostasis within their body? • A. Riding a bike • B. Blinking • C. Sweating • D. Sleeping

14. In the scientific process, what is the most important characteristics of the scientific question or hypothesis? • A. that the question or hypothesis requires a simple experimental design • B. That the question or hypothesis can be tested through research and experimentation • C. That the question or hypothesis accounts for several variables • D. That the question or hypothesis builds on existing ideas

15. Which of the following characteristics do all living things share? • A. all living things obtain and use energy • B. all living things move • C. all living things breathe oxygen • D. all living things are multicellular

The enzyme catalase speeds up the chemical reaction that changes hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water. The amount of oxygen given off is an indication of the rate of the reaction. 16. Based on the graph, what can you conclude about the relationship between enzyme concentration and reaction rate? • A. Reaction rate decreases with increasing enzyme concentration. • B. Reaction rate increases with decreasing enzyme concentration. • C. Reaction rate increases with increasing enzyme concentration. • D. The variables are indirectly proportional.

The enzyme catalase speeds up the chemical reaction that changes hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water. The amount of oxygen given off is an indication of the rate of the reaction. 17. Which concentration of catalase will produce the fastest reaction rate? • A. 5% • B. 10% • C. 15% • D. 20%

18. A solution of soapy water has a slippery feel, turns litmus paper blue and has a pH of 8.5. The soapy described as • A. a neutral solution • B. an acidic solution • C. a corrosive solution • D. a basis solution

19. When salt dissolved into water to make salt water, what is the solvent? • A. salt • B. water • C. salt water • D. acid

20. The polarity of water explains which properties of water? • A. cohension • B. adhensionC. heat capacity • D. All of the above

21. What are the products of the light-dependent reactions? • A. Oxygen gas, H20, and NADP+ are the products of the light-dependent reactions. • B. Oxygen gas, ATP, and NADPH are the products of the light-dependent reactions. • C. CO2, sugars, are the products of the light-dependent reactions. • D. Oxygen gas, ADP, and NADP+ are the products of the light-dependent reactions.

22. What structure is shown in the figure? • A. mitochondria • B. grana • C. golgi apparatus • D. chloroplast

23. Which type of organic compound is generally not soluble in water and is used as long term energy storage? • A. carbohydrates • B. Lipids • C. nucleic acids • D. proteins

24. Animal cells have all of the following except: • A. mitochondria • B. chloroplasts • C. a nucleus • D. a cell membrane

25. In eukaryotic cells, the structure that controls the cell’s activities is the • A. cell membrane • B. organelle • C. nucleolus • D. nucleus

26. Energy is released upon the conversion of • A. AMP to ADP • B. ADP to ATP • C. ATP to ADP • D. ATP to AZP

27. One of the basic ideas of the Cell Theory is that cells • A. are the same in all organisms. • B. are the basic units of structure and function in organisms. • C. can regenerate after death. • D. contain only living materials.

ScenarioA student poured a solution of bromthymol blue indicator into four test tubes. Bromthymol blue turns from blue to yellow in the presence of CO2. Then, he placed an aquatic plant in two of the test tubes, and a snail into two as shown below. He placed a stopper on each test tube and let them sit for 24 hours. • A B C D 28. What color will the bromthymol blue turn in test tube B? • A. Yellow. • B. Blue. • C. Purple • D. Pink.

ScenarioA student poured a solution of bromthymol blue indicator into four test tubes. Bromthymol blue turns from blue to yellow in the presence of CO2. Then, he placed an aquatic plant in two of the test tubes, and a snail into two as shown below. He placed a stopper on each test tube and let them sit for 24 hours. • A B C D 29. Look at Figure 9. Which process would you expect the organism in the test tube B to carry out—cellular respiration, photosynthesis, or both? • A. Cellular respiration • B. Photosynthesis. • C. Both.

ScenarioA student poured a solution of bromthymol blue indicator into four test tubes. Bromthymol blue turns from blue to yellow in the presence of CO2. Then, he placed an aquatic plant in two of the test tubes, and a snail into two as shown below. He placed a stopper on each test tube and let them sit for 24 hours. • A B C D 30. What color will the bromthymol blue turn in test tube C? • A. Blue • B. Yellow • C. Purple • D. Pink

Answer Key (press )