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Two Dimensional Echocardiography

Two Dimensional Echocardiography. Views and Measurements. Echocardiographic Examination. Echocardiographic Examination. The Windows (Transducer Location) Parasternal Apical Subcostal Suprasternal. Echocardiographic Examination. Echocardiographic Examination.

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Two Dimensional Echocardiography

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  1. Two DimensionalEchocardiography Views and Measurements

  2. Echocardiographic Examination

  3. Echocardiographic Examination • The Windows (Transducer Location) • Parasternal • Apical • Subcostal • Suprasternal

  4. Echocardiographic Examination

  5. Echocardiographic Examination

  6. Echocardiographic Examination

  7. Echocardiographic Examination

  8. Echocardiographic Examination

  9. Echocardiographic Examination

  10. Echocardiographic Examination

  11. Echocardiographic Examination • Transducer motion • Translation (movement) • Tilting or pointing • Angulation • Rotation

  12. Views • PLAX • RVIT

  13. Views • PSAX – Aortic Valve • PSAX – Mitral Valve • PSAX – Papillary Muscle • PSAX - Apex

  14. Views • Apical 4-Chamber • Apical 2-Chamber • Apical 3-Chamber (Apical Long Axis) • Apical 5 Chamber

  15. Views • Subcostal 4 Chamber • Subcostal 5 Chamber • Subcostal Short Axis

  16. Views • Suprasternal Long Axis • Suprasternal Short Axis • Right Parasternal View

  17. Two Dimensional Evaluation Wall • Thickness • Systolic thickening • Scarring • Systolic motion

  18. Two Dimensional Evaluation Septum • Thickness • Systolic thickening • Scarring • Systolic motion

  19. Two Dimensional Evaluation Chamber size • Ventricles • Atria • Aorta • Pulmonary artery

  20. Two Dimensional Evaluation Valves • Thickening • Calcification • Motion

  21. Two Dimensional Evaluation Subvalvular apparatus • Chordae tendinaea • Papillary muscle

  22. Two Dimensional Evaluation Masses • Thrombus • Tumors • Vegetations

  23. Two Dimensional Evaluation Pericardium • Thickening • Effusion • Pericardial • Pleural

  24. PLAX View

  25. PLAX View

  26. PLAX View

  27. PLAX

  28. 2-D Measurement • Aortic diameter • LVOT diameter • LA dimension

  29. 2-D Measurement • RVWd • RVIDd

  30. 2-D Measurement • IVSd • IVSs

  31. M-mode Measurement • LVIDd • LVIDd index • LVIDs • LVIDs index

  32. 2-D Measurement • LVPWd • LVPWs

  33. Evaluation of LV Systolic Function ESD = LVIDs EDD = LVIDd FS= LVIDd - LVIDs LVIDd

  34. Evaluation of LV Systolic Function EF = LVIDd3 – LVIDs3 LVIDd3

  35. RVIT

  36. RVIT - Diameter

  37. PSAX – Aortic Valve

  38. PSAX – Diameter

  39. PSAX – Diameter

  40. PSAX – Mitral Valve

  41. PSAX – Papillary Muscle

  42. Evaluation of LV Mass This is done by tracing the epicardial to calculate the total ventricular volume and the endocardial border to calculate chamber volume. LV mass = 1.05 (total volume – chamber volume)

  43. Evaluation of LV Mass Total volume= Total area x length Chamber volume = Chamber area x Length Myocardial volume = Total volume – Chamber volume LV mass = Myocardial volume x density LV mass = Myocardial volume x 1.05

  44. PSAX – Epicardial Border Trace

  45. PSAX – Endocardial Border Trace

  46. PSAX - Apex

  47. Apical – 4 Chamber

  48. Apical-4 Chamber LV Length

  49. Apical – 4 Chamber RA and LA Area

  50. Simpson’s Rule For this method, endocardial borders are traced in apical four-chamber and two-chamber views and are used to define a series of orthogonal diameters (a and b) as follows: V = (p ) S ai bi x (L) 4 20 Using 20 disk for i = 1 to i = 20 This calculation is done by computer software.

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