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Urban Behaviour Jaymie Hodara Fontane Choi Andrew Frias

Urban Behaviour Jaymie Hodara Fontane Choi Andrew Frias. Urban Characteristics . City a large or important town. a large or important town. (in Canada) a municipality of high rank, usually based on population. Town

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Urban Behaviour Jaymie Hodara Fontane Choi Andrew Frias

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  1. Urban Behaviour Jaymie Hodara Fontane Choi Andrew Frias

  2. Urban Characteristics • City • a large or important town. a large or important town. • (in Canada) a municipality of high rank, usually based on population. • Town • a thickly populated area, usually smaller than a city and larger than a village, having fixed boundaries and certain local powers of government.

  3. Rural-Urban Continuum

  4. Impressions • What are the first things that come to mind when thinking of the city? • i.e. Size, activities, social interaction? OR…

  5. Anti-Urban Feelings • Irving Howe (1971) • Historical Explanation • i.e. Sodom & Gomorrah, tower of Babel, whore of Babylon • Psychological • Processing of information • Bad over Good • Availability Heuristic

  6. Reputation • Good vs. Bad • Personality of a City • Characteristics • Traits

  7. Approaches to comparing cities • Objective • Thorndike • Goodness Score • Robert Angell • Moral integration

  8. Approaches: Cont’d • Economic • Defined by dominant “economic activity” • Quality of Life Approach • 5 factors indicating “quality of life” • Grade cities • Problem: Quality of life is multidimensional

  9. Approaches: Cont’d • Subjective • Guild & Krupat • “what is one?” test, top 10 things that best describe a city, small town or mid-sized city

  10. Scale of environmental annoyances (Robin et al) • 7 Factors of Satisfaction • Feelings of insecurity • Inconveniences related to public transport • Environmental annoyances and global environmental concerns • Lack of Control with car use • Incivilities of public spaces • Population density • Run-down living environment

  11. The Experience of Living in Cities • Concept of Overload • Adaptation • Social Responsibility • Bystander Effect • Catherine Genovese Murder • Physical and Emotional Vulnerability • Norms of Noninvolvement • Anonymity • Zimbardo • Role Behavior

  12. Atmosphere of Cities • New York, London, Paris • Factors other than the city’s atmospheres that determines responses to cities: • Standard of Comparison • Status of Observer- tourist, newcomer, long-term resident • Myths and Expectations • Tempo and Pace • Visual Components • Sources of Ambience • Factors that make a city atmosphere distinct

  13. Helpfulness in the Urban Environment • Urbanism • Helpfulness and Urbanization • Wrong Number Technique • Lost Letter Technique • Darley and Latane: fallen confederate in the laboratory • Milgram: stranger at the door • Limitations • The conceptualization of urbanization • Failure to identify influencing factors of level of helpfulness and mutual aid

  14. Helpfulness and Urban Design • Diversity in spatial use • Defensible Space • Ideal Environment • Comparison of Student Residence Halls • Environmental Determinism • Environmental Selection • Adaptation- Selection Model

  15. Pace of Life • Malibu Rum Commercial

  16. The Pace of Life • Definition: • The rate; speed and relative rapidity or density of experiences, meanings, perceptions and activities.

  17. Data for the study was collected in six countries: • Japan • Taiwan • Indonesia • Italy • England • United States • Three indicators of pace of life were examined: • Accuracy of bank clocks • Average walking speed • The speed with which postal clerks fulfilled a simple request

  18. Results • The Japanese cities rated the highest on all three measures • The Indonesian cities had the least accurate bank clocks and the slowest pedestrians • While the Italian cities had the slowest postal clerks

  19. A Closer Look at the United States • The measured used were similar to those in the previous study: • Walking speed • Speed of working life • Talking speed • Concern with time • Results: • Seven out of nine of the fastest cities are in the northeast • The slowest pace was found on the west coast

  20. More Factors Indicating Pace of Life • Some key predictors of pace of life: • Economic vitality • Climate • Cultural values • Population size • Some consequences of pace of life: • Death rate due to coronary heart disease • Smoking rates • Subjective well-being

  21. Pace of Life and Economic Differences • The relationship of three sets of databases were looked at: • Levine and Norenzayan’s pace of life measures • Lynn’s original country-level measures of work attitudes • Work ethic • Achievement motivation • Mastery • Competitiveness • Achievement through conformity • Money beliefs • Attitudes to saving • Socioeconomic data concerning these same countries

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