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Warm Up: Thursday, 10/11/12

Warm Up: Thursday, 10/11/12. Objective: Students will be able to describe the process and identify the location of photosynthesis. Warm Up: Why does facilitated diffusion NOT require the cell to use energy? See your notes and the image on page 188 to help you.

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Warm Up: Thursday, 10/11/12

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  1. Warm Up: Thursday, 10/11/12 Objective: Students will be able to describe the process and identify the location of photosynthesis. Warm Up: Why does facilitated diffusion NOT require the cell to use energy? See your notes and the image on page 188 to help you. Sentence Starter: Facilitated diffusion does not require energy because ________________. Please have your 1st Quarter Benchmark Review and your Osmosis wskt. out!!!

  2. Think, Turn, Talk… Why does facilitated diffusion NOT require a cell to use energy? Partner A: Facilitated diffusion is __________________. Partner B: Facilitated diffusion does not require a cell to use energy because __________________.

  3. Think, turn, talk Partner A: What is photosynthesis? Sentence Starter: Photosynthesis is _________. Partner B: What are some things that are needed for photosynthesis? Sentence Starter: Some things that are needed for photosynthesis are _____________________. Partner A: What is produced in photosynthesis? Sentence Starter: In photosynthesis, ________ are produced. Partner B: What are some things that affect photosynthesis? Sentence Starter: Some things that affect photosynthesis are _______________.

  4. Warm Up: Wednesday, 10/17/12 Objective: Students will be able to evaluate the role of ATP and explore the chemical events of photosynthesis. Warm Up: What is the equation to photosynthesis? Try doing this without your photosynthesis notes or your book. Use Eddie the Electron to help you. Sentence Starter: ________ + _________ _________ + ________

  5. Summary Prompt What is the role of ATP in photosynthesis? Sentence Starter: ATP _____________________. Did you meet today’s objective? Circle 1 2 3

  6. Summary prompt What is the purpose of photosynthesis and where does it occur? Sentence Starter: The purpose of photosynthesis is ______________ and it occurs in the _______________. Did you meet today’s objective? Circle 1 2 3

  7. photosynthesis Ch. 8

  8. Standard review • Standard: 1.f: Students know usable energy is captured from sunlight by chloroplasts and stored through the synthesis of sugar from CO2 • What are Chloroplasts? • What does synthesis mean? What does it mean to say “synthesis of sugar from CO2”? • In your own words, describe what we will be learning in this chapter based on the standards. Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells that use energy from sunlight to make energy-rich food for the cell through the process of photosynthesis. Synthesis means to make or produce. Synthesis of sugar means to make/produce sugar from CO2. In this chapter we will be learning about how energy is captured from the sun by the chloroplasts found in plant cells and then produces sugar from CO2 – this process is known as photosynthesis.

  9. 8-1 Energy and Life work • Energy is the ability to do ______. • Living organisms need energy in everything that they do. Not only do we use energy in sports and everyday activities, but our cells use energy too. For example, energy is needed to build new proteins.

  10. 8-1 Energy and Life • Energy comes in many forms, including light, heat, and electricity. • How is energy stored? • In chemical compounds! • One of the chemical compounds that living cells use to store energy is called adenosine triphosphate (ATP) • Tri = 3; Phosphate = chemical compound triphosphate = 3 phosphate compounds • ATP is made up of a nitrogen-containing compound called adenine, a 5-carbon sugar called ribose, and 3 phosphate groups.

  11. 8-1 Energy and Life • Another way cells store energy is through • ADP (adenosine diphosphate) • Di = 2 • Stores energy like ATP, only it has 2 phosphate groups instead of 3.

  12. 8-1 Energy and Life • ADP VS ATP • The extra phosphate group in ATP allows for more storage of energy • Therefore, we could say that ADP is like a ½ charged battery and ATP is like a fully charged battery ADP ATP Energy Energy Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) + Phosphate Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Partially charged battery Fully charged battery

  13. CFU- Pair Share • Using COMPLETE sentences, answer the following questions: • What is the difference between a heterotroph and an autotroph? (SS: The difference between a heterotroph and an autotroph is …) • What is the basic energy source used by all types of living organisms? (SS: The basic energy source used by all types of living organisms is …) • Which energy storage is more efficient, ATP or ADP? WHY? (SS: The energy source that is more efficient in energy storage is ______ because …)

  14. 8-1 Energy and Life • Releasing Energy from ATP • The energy stored in ATP is released when ATP is converted into ADP and a phosphate group. • To do this, a bond is broken between 2 phosphate groups to release energy for the cell.

  15. 8-1 Energy and Life The use of ATP Recall cell transport and the movement of molecules across the cell membrane. What is the name of the type of transport that requires energy to move a molecule across the cell membrane? ACTIVE TRANSPORT Active Transport requires energy in the form of ATP to transport certain molecules across the membrane – from an area of low concentration to high concentration

  16. 8-2 Photosynthesis: An Overview Photosynthesis uses the energy from sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy sugars. Photosynthesis Equation: Sunlight + Carbon Dioxide + Water = Food (glucose) + Oxygen 6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6+ 6O2 Sunlight

  17. CFU- Pair/share • Use complete sentences to explain what is happening in the photosynthesis reaction SS: In the photosynthesis reaction, carbon dioxide …

  18. 8-2 Photosynthesis: An Overview • How do plants use the sun to get energy? • Energy from the sun travels to earth in the form of light. • Plants gather the sun’s energy with light-absorbing molecules called pigments. • The plants main pigment is chlorophyll • Chlorophyll absorbs light, transferring much of the energy directly to electrons, raising the energy levels of these electrons • High energy electrons make photosynthesis work.

  19. CFU- Pair/share • What is the function of chlorophyll? (SS: The function of chlorophyll is …) • In what organelle is chlorophyll found? (SS: Chlorophyll is found in the organelle …) • Would photosynthesis still occur if a plant was stored in a dark room? (SS: If a plant was stored in a dark room, photosynthesis (would/would not) occur because …)

  20. 8-3 The Reactions of photosynthesis Chloroplasts • Photosynthesis takes place inside _________________ • _________________are the organelles in photosynthetic organisms where photosynthesis occurs. • Chloroplasts contain ________________. Chloroplasts Chlorophyll

  21. 8-3 The Reactions of photosynthesis • Recall the photosynthesis reaction: Sunlight + Carbon Dioxide + Water = Food (glucose) + Oxygen 6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6+ 6O2 • Photosynthesis occurs in 2 parts: Light-dependent reaction and Light-independent reaction Sunlight

  22. 8-3light-dependent reactions • Chloroplasts contain saclike photosynthetic membranes called “thylakoids.” • “Thylakoids” are arranged in stacks called “grana.” • The “Stroma” is the region found outside the thylakoid membranes.

  23. 8-3 light-dependent reactions So What’s the Big Deal? • Inside the thylakoids, in the presence oflight, water is broken into H+ ions andO2molecules as waste. • The H+ ions are used to make anenergy moleculethat plants need to makecarbohydrates like glucose! • That molecule is called NADPH+ nicotinomide adenine dinucleotide phosphate The energy molecule needed by plants!

  24. 8-3light-dependent reactions • NADP+ is an energy transport or carrier molecule. • NADP+ transfersexcited electrons in the chlorophyll along with most of their energy to another molecule in the form of NADPH+. • NADP+ accepts and holds 2 electrons from the chlorophyll molecule along with a hydrogen ion (H+) converting NADP+ into NADPH. • These high-energy electrons are used to help build a variety of molecules the cell needs, including carbohydrates like glucose

  25. Conversion of NADP + to NADPH “When NADP+ accepts a pair of high-energy electrons, it becomes NADPH.”

  26. CFU- Pair/share • What is the energy molecule that plants need to make carbohydrates like glucose? • When NADP+ accepts a pair of high-energy electrons, what does it become? • Where does the conversion of NADP+ to NADPH occur? The energy molecule that plants need to make carbohydrates like glucose is NADPH+. When NADP+ accepts a pair of high-energy electrons, NADP+ becomes NADPH The conversion of NADP+ to NADPH occurs in the Thylakoids which are found in the chloroplasts

  27. OVERVIEW OF LIGHT-Dependent REACTiON • Energy is captured from Sunlight. • Water is Split into Hydrogen Ions, Electrons, and Oxygen (O2). • The O2 Diffuses out of the Chloroplasts (Byproduct). • The Light Energy is Converted to Chemical Energy, which is Temporarily Stored in ATP and NADPH.

  28. 8-3Photosystems I and ii • Electrons freed from water are used to make NADPH+ & ATP in the light dependent reaction • Photosystem II happens first, producing ATP • Followed by photosystem I, producing NADPH • Both photosystems take place in the thylakoid membranes

  29. CFU- Pair/share • Where does photosystems I and II take place? • Which photosystem occurs first? • What does photosystem I produce? • What does photosystem II produce? Photosystems I and II take place in the thylakoids. Photosystems II takes place first, followed by photosystem I. Photosystem I produces NADPH. Photosystem II produces ATP.

  30. 8-3 The Reactions of photosynthesis The Calvin Cycle – Light Independent Reactions • During the Calvin cycle, plants use the energy that ATP and NADPH contain to build high-energy compounds that can be stored for a long time • This means, that The Calvin cycle uses ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent reactions to produce high-energy sugars • The Calvin cycle happens in the stromawithin the chloroplasts

  31. Short photosynthesis video • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cX3Iev-JDgM

  32. Photosynthesis Overview -Occurs in the chloroplast -Reactants are water, sunlight, and carbon dioxide -Products are glucose and oxygen -Light dependent reactions - when NADP+ turns into NADPH and ADP turns into ATP (occurs in thegranum/thylakoid) and consist of the ElectronTransport Chain) -Light independent (DARK) reactions occur in the stroma -Calvin cycle = the process of using ATP from the light dependent reactions to make glucose

  33. Factors Effecting Photosynthesis

  34. Warm Up: Thursday, 10/18/12 Objective: Students will be able to analyze the factors that effect photosynthesis. Warm Up: Water, temperature, amount of CO2, pollution and light intensity are all factors that effect photosynthesis. Predict how each of these factors will increase or decrease the rate of photosynthesis? Sentence Starter: Water = more water will increase/decrease photosynthesis Temperature: Hot= increase/decrease Cold = increase/decrease

  35. Think, Talk, Turn Predict how each of these factors (water, temperature, pollution, CO2, and intensity of light) will increase or decrease the rate of photosynthesis? Partner A: Water, temperature, and pollution Partner B: CO2 and intensity of light HOTS

  36. Factors EffectingPhotosynthesis Rate of photosynthesis: How much glucose and oxygen are being produced over time Temperature Photosynthesis depends on enzymes that work best at 0 degrees- 35 degrees celcius. Anything below or above this temperature will damage the enzyme therefore slowing down the rate of photosynthesis. At very low temperatures, photosynthesis may stop completely.

  37. Factors EffectingPhotosynthesis 2. Amount of Water Not enough water will slow down photosynthesis and close the stomata to conserve water. Too much water will cause roots to rot and suffocate the plant. 3. Amount of CO2 in the air Increased CO2 (up to .1%) will increase photosynthesis. The air tends to have about (.03%). This is why growing tomatoes and lettuce in a greenhouse is so successful.

  38. Factors EffectingPhotosynthesis 4. Pollution, like soot will block stomata and reduce photosynthesis by 15%. 5. Intensity of Light Increased light intensity will result in the increase of photosynthesis.

  39. CFU- Pair/share • What are the 5 factors that effect photosynthesis? • Describe how water effects photosynthesis. SS: When a plant receives too much water ___________________. When a plant does not receive enough water _________________. The factors that effect photosynthesis are temperature, amount of water, amount of CO2, pollution, intensity of light When a plant receives too much water it will cause the roots to rot and suffocate the plant. When a plant does not receive enough water it will slow down photosynthesis and close the stomata to conserve water

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