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Flanking Threats and Framing Battles: Peace Processes, Social Movements and the Politics of Contention

Flanking Threats and Framing Battles: Peace Processes, Social Movements and the Politics of Contention. Colm Campbell Transitional Justice Institute (UU). Transitional Justice: Gaps. Armed Opposition movements… Subjects rather than merely objects Agency & entrepreneurship

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Flanking Threats and Framing Battles: Peace Processes, Social Movements and the Politics of Contention

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  1. Flanking Threats and Framing Battles: Peace Processes, Social Movements and the Politics of Contention Colm Campbell Transitional Justice Institute (UU)

  2. Transitional Justice: Gaps • Armed Opposition movements… • Subjects rather than merely objects • Agency & entrepreneurship • …as social movements • Mobilising structures • Political opportunity structure • Framing processes • Victims and perpetrators • Dichotomous: victim or perpetrator • Dyadic: victim and perpetrator

  3. Mobilising Structures • Bi-furcated (typically) • Party • Armed entity • ANC & MK, Fatah (PLO) &Tanzim, ETA &Batasuna • Demobilisation of armed entity (DDR) • Party mobilisation • Relationship of one to the other? • Splits and flanking threats

  4. Peace Process: Political Opportunity Structure • Route to political power • New alliances • Damage enemies and opponents • Entrepreneurship • Flanking threats

  5. Framing Processes • Frame resonance: targets of mobilization • Frame bridging: making new alliances • Framing and entrepreneurship • Compromise: diagnostic & prognostic • Framing battles: • The state • Opponents • Potential flankers

  6. ‘The Past’ as opportunity and risk • Truth processes as battlegrounds (SATRC) • Framing battle: whose version resonates? • Political opportunities: damage enemies and opponents • victim-perpetrator dyads • Self-investigation • Apology (apologia) • Space for flankers?

  7. NI’s past as framing battle • Is there a ‘past’? • Whose story resonates? • How to get there? (inquiries, truth etc.) • In the past, nobody won; can battle over past be won now?

  8. Bloody Sunday Tribunal • Resonance of findings • Cameron’s apology-apologia • Without a truth commission, what’s the NI story? • Depriving flankers (diagnostic-prognostic framing)

  9. Entrepreneurship:‘no return to Stormont’ • 11 UK-imposed obstacle to Irish reunification (‘occupation’ frame). • 12 symbol of discrimination (‘injustice’ frame) • 13 geographical site

  10. Apology-apologia • (2002) IRA: ‘It is therefore appropriate… that we address all of the deaths… of non-combatants caused by us. We offer our sincere apologies and condolences to their families • Apology-aplogia (‘combatant’ language)

  11. Kicking to touch? - Truth/legacy commission? • Bradley-Eames process • Demanding UN involvement? • Amnesty for truth?

  12. Conclusions • Political opportunities effectively exploited • Demobilisation and party mobilisation well handled • Framing battles – variable • Victim-perpetrator dyadic

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