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History of Spaceflight

History of Spaceflight. First documented attempt at spaceflight in 1500 in China. Wan Hu (China) Fireworks (rockets) strapped to chair. Most math and physics used in spaceflight was developed 1650-1910!. Influence of Science Fiction. H. G. Wells Jules Verne.

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History of Spaceflight

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  1. History of Spaceflight

  2. First documented attempt at spaceflight in 1500 in China • Wan Hu (China) • Fireworks (rockets) strapped to chair

  3. Most math and physics used in spaceflight was developed 1650-1910!

  4. Influence of Science Fiction H. G. Wells Jules Verne

  5. First Space Engineers • Konstantin Tsiolkovsky(Russian, 1857-1935) • First to analyze rocket motion using Newton's Laws of Motion

  6. Hermann Oberth(German, 1894-1989) • Published a paper in 1923 on the use of rockets for flying people into space

  7. Robert Goddard (1882-1945) • Received first patent for a rocket in 1914 • first stable liquid-propellant rocket in 1926

  8. German and Soviet Rocket Clubs formed in 1920's and 1930's • Werner von Braun (German) • Walter Dornberger (German) • Sergei Korolev (Russian)

  9. WWII, Germany

  10. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WjFTN-YdK_M

  11. After the war, some German rocket scientists went to the USSR and some to the US (including von Braun)

  12. The Space Race • Primary interest in US and USSR was to develop rockets to deliver nuclear weapons to distant targets • Oct 4, 1957 -- USSR placed Sputnik I (184 lb satellite) into Earth orbit; • US feared that this meant USSR was technically superior and could launch nuclear weapons via rockets

  13. Nov 3, 1957 -- USSR orbited Sputnik II (1120 lb spacecraft with passenger dog Laika, who lived for a week)

  14. Werner von Braun took over US efforts • Explorer I (18 lb. satellite) into orbit on Jan 31, 1958

  15. March 1958 -- Pres. Eisenhower formed NASA (the National Aeronautics and Space Admininstration)

  16. National Defense Education Act • Signed into law on September 2, 1958

  17. April 12, 1961 -- Yuri Gagarin became first human to orbit Earth

  18. May 5, 1961 -- Alan Shepard flew for 15 min. on sub-orbital flight

  19. Feb. 1962 -- John Glenn first US astronaut to orbit Earth

  20. Space Race became a race to the moon • Pres. Kennedy challenged US to send astronauts to moon and back before 1970

  21. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kza-iTe2100

  22. Rocket plane development (X-1, X-15) - • alternative path that US did not pursue • some believe it would have been better

  23. X -15 • 1959 -1968 • World record for the fastest speed ever reached by a manned rocket powered aircraft. • 4,519 mph

  24. http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x3zdkn_x15_tech

  25. Mercury Program • Single astronauts

  26. Gemini Program • pairs of astronauts • first space walks

  27. Gemini Rendevous

  28. Apollo Program • triples of astronauts to the moon

  29. Saturn V

  30. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wvWHnK2FiCk

  31. Moon Rover

  32. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1bLH11-DbqM&feature=fvwrel

  33. Space Shuttle(National Space Transportation System --NSTS) • Development of shuttle system begun in 1970's • First orbiter -- Enterprise (named by popular demand of Star Trek fans)

  34. http://sciencestage.com/v/725/atlantis-rocks-it.html

  35. List of orbiters: • Enterprise • Discovery • Atlantis • Endeavour (replaced Challenger) • Challenger (destroyed during launch, Jan. 28, 1986 -- all crew were lost) • Columbia (destroyed on re-entry, Feb. 1, 2003 -- all crew were lost)

  36. Interstellar travel • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hdjL8WXjlGI

  37. Difficulties of interstellar travel • Vast distances  very great speed and/or a very long travel time • Vacuum • Radiation • Weightlessness • Micrometeoroids

  38. The fastest outward-bound spacecraft yet sent, Voyager 1, would take 72,000 years to get to Proxima Centauri

  39. Solar sail • Reduce time to ~ 2000 years

  40. Nuclear pulse propulsion • Reduce time to ~ 100 years

  41. Fusion Powered Spacecraft Human Outer Planet Exploration (NASA/MSFC, 2003),ICAN-II (The Pennsylvania State University)

  42. Relativistic Time Dilation • As velocities approach the speed of light, relativistic time dilation would make the voyage much shorter for the traveler

  43. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Vpu6yJPRVQ

  44. Wormholes • Schwarzschild wormholes or Einstein-Rosen bridges are bridges between areas of space

  45. http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/relativ/tdil.html

  46. Newton’s Laws of Motion and Rockets

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