Chapter 8 Confederation to Constitution

1. Chapter 8 Confederation to Constitution Section One The Confederation Era I Can describe the expansion of the nation and the development of the state governments.

2. Write these down and answer them with complete sentences. • 1.) What did the American settlers find when they reached Kentucky? • 2.) Why did the Articles of Confederation not take affect until 1781? • 3.) What did the Land Ordinance of 1785 do? • 4.) Why did Massachusetts farmers rebel against their state legislature? • 5.) How was the Northwest Ordinance different than the Land Ordinance of 1785?

3. 1.) What did the American settlers find when they reached Kentucky?

4. 1.) Answer • There were rich river valleys and large numbers of buffaloes. • There were also a few Native Americans who lived, hunted, and fished the area.

5. 2.) Why did the Articles of Confederation not take affect until 1781?

6. 2.) Answer • Some states refused to accept the Articles until states with Western land claims agreed to give up those claims. • By 1781, all of the states agreed that Congress should control the Western lands, and all states agreed to the Articles.

7. 3.) What did the Land Ordinance of 1785 do?

8. 3.) Answer • It organized the Northwest Territory geographically into six-mile-square plots, called townships.

9. 4.) Why did Massachusetts farmers rebel against their state legislature?

10. 4.) Answer • The legislature did not pass debt relief, which would have helped the farmers. • In response, the farmers rebelled.

11. 5.) How was the Northwest Ordinance different than the Land Ordinance of 1785?

12. 5.) Answer • The Northwest Ordinance organized the Northwest Territory politically, instead of geographically. • It set rules for the settlement and government of the territories.

13. Articles of Confederation Notes I Can analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation Turn to Page 206 Cornell Notes

14. Left Side of Cornell Notes • Right Side of Cornell Notes

15. A.) The New Government • After the American Revolution the Articles of Confederation was the government in place for America.

16. 1.) Weaknesses • National Congress could not pass tax laws • All 13 states had to agree to change • 9 of 13 (almost 70%) had to vote yes to pass a law • No executive leader • Nation was deeply in debt from the Revolutionary War • Did not have the power to tax or enforce laws.

17. 2.) Strengths • Transitional Government-helped get through the Revolutionary War. • Encouraged settlers to move west of the Mountains. • Created 2 new territories: Northwest and Southwest

18. 2a.) Passed the Northwest Ordinance • Plan to govern Northwest Territory. • Plan for territory to become states-5,000 free men = Territorial Legislature and 60,000 free men=can ask to become a state. • No slavery in the NW Territory • All 13 original states had to give up their claim to the western territory.

19. 2b.) Ordinance of 1785 • Western land to be surveyed and sold for $1.25 an acre. • Land divided into townships with 36 sections • One Section from each township set aside for a public school

20. 3.) Articles of Confederation Fail • Shay’s Rebellion-Farmers burn county courthouses destroying tax records. • Stopped by Massachusetts militia. • States frightened by weakness of the nation and call for a convention.

21. B.) Constitutional Convention • Scrap the Articles of Confederation • Write the Constitution. • Goal was to balance the Convention called in Philadelphia to fix the weak Articles of Confederation. • Actually striving for rights of the individuals with the need for a strong national government that could ensure peace and order.

22. B.) Constitutional Convention Continued • Chairman: George Washington • 55 Delegates from the States: Founding Fathers

23. I can distinguish between a antifederalist and a federalist. Answers to the 4 Circles

24. Shays Rebellion • Farmers were not capable of paying their taxes so their farms were repossessed. The farmers rebelled by burning important documents and then trying to take over a weapons depot. It took the Massachusetts Militia to come in and stop the rebellion. • Articles of Confederation had problems taxing the people of the 13 Colonies. • This also showed a weakness in the Articles by not being able to enforce laws.

25. War Debts • Without the ability to set and collect taxes the federal government could not pay off its war debts, including paying citizens who had helped to supply the troops. • More people started to believe that if the federal government was to be effective it needed the power of taxation

26. Trade Issues • Only 5 of the 13 colonies sent representation to the convention American trade policy suffered from a lack of direction. • People wanted the federal government to be able to make and enforce trade rules

27. Moving West • Now that the war is over people are now allowed to move westward which was not easy. • The Wilderness road was more like a trail than an actual road. • Tension with the Native Americans.

28. I Can identify key delegates to the Constitutional Convention Turn To Page 205 People Pages

29. 1775 Helped build the Wilderness Road Was apart of the movement to Kentucky. 1.) Daniel Boone

30. 1787 Revolutionary War Veteran who needed financial help from the government. Shays Rebellion 2.) Daniel Shays

31. May 15, 1787 Governor of Virginia Attended the Constitutional Convention Wanted to reform the government. 3.) Edmund Randolph

32. 1787-Delagate at the Constitutional Convention 1789-Becomes 1st President of the United States. A War Commander Veteran and Farmer. 4.) George Washington

33. 1787-Constitutional Convention Delegate Scientist and Statesmen 5.) Benjamin Franklin

34. 1787 Constitutional Convention Delegate Read over 100 books to prepare for the convention. 6.) James Madison

35. 1787 New Jersey delegate, he responded to the Virginia Plan and presented the New Jersey Plan as an alternate. 7.) William Patterson

36. 1787 Delegate of Connecticut, proposed the Great Compromise. 8.) Roger Sherman

37. 1787 Politician, who helped write the Federalist Papers, he showed people why they should support ratification. 9.) Alexander Hamilton

38. 1787 Secretary of Foreign Affairs for the Confederation Congress. Helped write the Federalist Papers. 10.) John Jay

39. June 1787 Member of the Virginian House of Burgesses. Refused to vote for the Constitution until the Bill of Rights was added. 11.) Patrick Henry

40. June 1787 Delegate to Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia. Opposed the signing of the final document until a Bill of Rights were to be added. 12.) George Mason

41. Section 3 Chapter 8 Ratifying the ConstitutionAnswers to the Federalist vs. Antifederalist I Can identify the positions of the Federalist and Antifederalist.

42. Warm Up 1.) Alexander Hamilton asked Congress to pass a law which dealt with tariffs in 1791. What are tariffs? • A.) Taxes • B.) Loans • C.) Savings Bonds • D. ) Restrictions

43. 1.) What were the Federalists? • People who supported ratification of the Constitution.

44. 2.) Who were the Antifederalists? • People who opposed ratification of the Constitution.

45. 3.) Who were leading federalists? • Alexander Hamilton • James Madison • John Jay

46. 4.) Who were the leading Antifederalists? • George Mason • Patrick Henry

47. 5.) What reasons did the Federalists give to defend their views on the ratification • Removing some powers from the states and giving more powers to the national government. • Supported dividing the powers amongst the different branches of the government. • Also proposed to have a single person lead the executive branch.

48. 6.) What reasons did the Antifederalists give to defend their views on the Constitution? • Wanted important political powers to remain with the states. • They wanted the legislature to have more power than the executive. • They feared one individual might become a tyrant. • They demanded a Bill of Rights to be added to the Constitution to protect the rights of the individual person.