Socialization and Deviance

1. Sociology Socialization and Deviance

2. Socialization • Process of learning to be members of a group Agents of socialization • Family – values, norms • School - overt and hidden curriculum • Peer Group – reference group • Mass Media – values, norms (change) • Total Institutions (Desocialization, Resocialization) • Anticipatory Socialization – preparing for a change in norms, values. Example ? .

3. Groups Black Panthers MS-13 Westboro Bap KKK MOVE Rastafarians Nation of Islam Amish Aryan Nation Moonies FLDS Pagans Scientologists Trekkies Wiccan Branch Davidians Crips Hari Krishna Hutterites LDS John Birch Soc Hells Angels Mensa Hutaree TrekkiesJehovahs Witness

4. Socialization • Functionalist – How do groups work together to create a stable society? -Family -School -Government -Religion

5. Socialization • Conflict Theory – How does socialization maintain the status quo and keep people from questioning their position?

6. Socialization • Symbolic Interactionism – human behavior is a product of society (not biology)

7. Symbolic Interactionism • Self –Concept – having an image of yourself separate from others

8. Symbolic Interactionism • Self –Concept – having an image of yourself separate from others. • “Looking-Glass Self”- other people are mirrors that reflect how we think others see us – a self-concept shaped by other’s judgments.

9. Symbolic Interactionism • Self –Concept – having an image of yourself separate from others. • “Looking-Glass Self”- other people are mirrors that reflect how we think others see us – a self-concept shaped by other’s judgments. When you got dressed this morning, did you dress for yourself or for how other’s see you?

10. How does this work? Mental Steps • We imagine how others see us. • We imagine the reaction of others to (number 1). • We evaluate/rate self to how we imagine others judged us. Example – “Jr. High and Mr. Lutz”

11. Distortions to the Looking-Glass Self • Problem? – Imaginations can be wrong. Misreading other people may lead to a distorted reality of one’s self concept. Obviously some people are more important to others – significant others – and their judgments have a greater impact on our socialization. Who are these people for you?

12. Role –Taking and Socialization • Role-taking – our internal conversations that predict the behaviors of others and shape our self-concept. Example: Asking permission for . . . This happens early – watch little kids:

13. Role-taking A. (1.5 -2yrs.) Imitation Stage – Kid mimics behavior of parent w/o understanding what they are doing. Example?

14. Role-taking • (1.5 -2yrs.) Imitation Stage – Kid mimics behavior of parent w/o understanding what they are doing. Example? • (3-4yrs.) Play Stage – Kid acts and thinks like they imagine a nurse, fireman, teacher, would act.

15. Role-taking • (1.5 -2yrs.) Imitation Stage – Kid mimics behavior of parent w/o understanding what they are doing. Example? • (3-4yrs.) Play Stage – Kid acts and thinks like they imagine a nurse, fireman, teacher, would act. • Game Stage – complex play involving multiple players taking on various roles. Learn to work/play within a “group” setting.

16. Role-taking Game Stage – allows children to recognize societal values that can be applied to other situations not just the “game”. -Fair Play -Sharing -Being honest -Compromising for win-wins

17. What is “Self”? George Herbert Mead – “Me” – Self formed by the group (socialized) “I” – Self formed by nature (unlearned) Which holds which in check? Example: Luc and Liv

18. Deviance • Positive v Negative Deviance • Social control (internal and external controls) to enforce conformity • Functionalist Perspective • Deviance serves a purpose • Strain Theory – identifies source of deviance • Control Theory – reinforces conformity

19. Deviance • Why do people choose deviant behavior? (Why are people criminals?) List as many as you can.

20. Deviance • Why do people choose deviant behavior? (Why are people criminals?) List as many as you can. While this exercise may have been a tad humorous, how might this lead to deviant behavior in real life?

21. Deviance KKK Hippies Illuminate Hitler Feminists Religions Amish Gangs Osama bin Laden Goth Cults Redcoats M. Manson Rebels Vikings Chris Toddlers Cheaters Spiders Ella Prisoners Liars Taliban Hannah Criminals Nazis/Gestapo Nudists Santiago Druggies Murderers Psychos Zach J. Conquistadors Mongols Mafia Atheists Bestiality MLK Jr.

22. Deviance • Class List. • Behavior that differs from the norm of a group or society. • Why is this so difficult to define? Many societies are diverse and the “norm” may not be as fixed as it appears to be

23. Norm: Lean is Beautiful Positive Deviance Negative deviance

24. Norm: “Lean is Beautiful” Positive Deviance Negative deviance • 1. Eating disorders – anorexia, bulimia • 2. Overly concerned with healthy eating (not connected to medical restrictions) • 3. Excessive exercising

25. Norm: “Lean is Beautiful” Positive Deviance Negative deviance 1. Overeating – not conforming, becoming “unlean” • 1. Eating disorders – anorexia, bulimia • 2. Overly concerned with healthy eating (not connected to medical restrictions) • 3. Excessive exercising

26. Your life. • Have an example of over-conforming?

27. Social Control Why do we conform? • Society’s way of promoting conformity to norms with the purpose of providing order and preventing chaos. There are two major ways this happens . . .

28. Social Control Purpose of conformity - provides order and prevents chaos. • Internal Controls – personal set of values that guides decision-making in acceptable/unacceptable behavior. Ex. Workplace etiquette

29. Social Control Purpose of conformity provides order and prevents chaos. Internal Controls – personal set of values that guides decision-making in acceptable/unacceptable behavior. Ex. Workplace etiquette External Controls – conforming to society because of potential punishments.

30. Social Control • Why is lying wrong? • Why is stealing wrong? • Take a trip with Lawrence Kohlberg .. . .

31. Right or Wrong? Why? Heinz’s wife was dying from a disease. The pharmacist in town recently developed a treatment for this disease and decided to make a lot of money for his efforts. He raised the price 500% from what it cost him to make it. Heinz could not afford the drug, he asked friends to help, pleaded with the pharmacist, but this did not help. Late one night Heinz broke into the pharmacy and stole the drug for his wife.

32. Lawrence Kohlberg – Moral Dev. Pre-conventional Level Wstage 1: Avoid Punishment - don’t want to go to jail Rstage 2: Satisfy Personal Need - I need my wife to . . . . for me.

33. Lawrence Kohlberg – Moral Dev. Pre-conventional Level stage 1: Avoid Punishment W stage 2: Satisfy Need/Fair Play R Conventional Level stage 3: Winning approval from others R - If I don’t steal what will others think? stage 4: Maintain the Public Order W - What kind of world would this be if we all stole items. Stealing is wrong.

34. Lawrence Kohlberg – Moral Dev. Pre-conventional stage 1: Avoid Punishment W stage 2: Satisfy Need/Fair Play R Conventional stage 3: Winning approval from others R stage 4: Maintain the Public Order W Post-conventional Level stage 5: Laws have value. Need good reason W/R stage 6: Moral right to steal(Love trumps greed)R

35. Three Perspectives

36. Functionalism and Deviance Negative positive • Deviance erodes trust. • Society that cannot trust each other cannot function smoothly.

37. Functionalism and Deviance Negative Effects Positive Benefits Can be a societal safety value Example: “teen rebellion”, “rough sports” Makes the “norms” clear for everyone else Example: Charlie Sheen Promotes change Example: Civil & women’s rights movements • Deviance erodes trust. • Society that cannot trust each other cannot function smoothly.

38. Functionalism and Deviance • The “War on Drugs” Positive Benefits of Deviance Negative Effects of Deviance

40. Functionalism and Deviance • The “War on Drugs” Positive Benefits of Deviance • Lock’em up, no toleration for drugs (Unified Goal) • Perhaps for medicinal reasons . . . Negative Effects of Deviance • Addiction leads to poverty • Rise in accidents (people high on drugs)

41. Deviance Theory - Deviance Cheat Sheet What leads to/causes deviant behavior? • Read your assigned theory. • Discuss with your partner how you will graphically illustrate this A. Theory B. Short word description C. Graphic creatively illustrating this theory using a deviant behavior

42. Quiz • Which is NOT a benefit of deviance? • decreases suspicion/mistrust among members of a society • Promotes social change • Increases social unity • Provides a safety valve

43. Quiz 2. Thomas Merton (functionalist) claimed deviant behavior happens when there is a gap between cultural goals and the means to get there. For instance, when a financial success/prestige is held as a value, but one cannot obtain it – one may become deviant. What is the name of this theory.

44. Quiz 3. A teacher who goes through the motions of school without any thought to the success of the students would be an example of what type of functionalist approach to deviance?

45. Quiz 4. What is needed to create strong social bonds according to the functionalist perspective?

46. Deviance Theory • Small Group Discussion – Strain, Control, Differential Association, Labeling • Overhead

47. Deviance Cheat Sheet • Strain – gap between cultural goals and means to achieve them. • Control – weak social bonds. (anomie) • Differential Association – learn by watching • Labeling – what “society” says is devient -primary (not a lifestyle) -secondary (label overshadows everything)

48. Strain

49. Strain • D = gap between culture goals and reality Innovation – accept goals, use D to get there Ritualism – accept means but not goals Retreatism – don’t accept means or goals Rebellion – retreatism + make new goals

50. Strain • D = gap between culture goals and reality Innovation – accept goals, use D to get there Ritualism – accept means but not goals Retreatism – don’t accept means or goals Rebellion – retreatism + make new goals