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Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC)

Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC). By: Andres Perez & Adriana Lopez. Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC). Is a disease in the digestive system where the Bile Ducts are blocked & damaged outside & inside the liver.

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Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC)

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  1. Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC) By: Andres Perez & Adriana Lopez

  2. Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC) • Is a disease in the digestive system where the Bile Ducts are blocked & damaged outside & inside the liver. • The Bile Ducts are the tubes that carry out the Bile from the liver into the Gallbladder and Small Intestine. • The Bile is the liquid which is made inside the liver & helps break down fat in foods.

  3. Progression of PSC • Inflammation of the Bile Ducts lead to scarring that narrows the bile ducts

  4. Symptoms • The main symptoms of PSC are: • Itching of the Skin (may occur when toxins in bile get into the bloodstream) • Fatigue • Jaundice • Can cause chills and fever. • 6 out of 100,000 people • **Having family members with PSC may increase a person's risk of developing PSC.**

  5. AdvancedEffects • As the disease progresses: • chronic fatigue • loss of appetite • weight loss • In the advanced stages, swelling can occur in the abdomen and feet. Liver failure may take many years to develop.

  6. Complications of PSC • Main complications that occur due to PSC include: • Deficiencies in Vitamins A, D, E, & K • Infections of the Bile Ducts • Cirrhosis-Extensive scarring of the liver • Liver Failure • Bile Duct Cancer

  7. Causes of PSC • The causes for PSC are not yet known. • Genetic • Immune System disorder • Bacteria • Virus

  8. Treatment • Treatment of PSC targets the relieving of symptoms and is meant to manage complications. • Medical treatment may include • Various medications to relieve itching • Antibiotics to treat infections • Vitamin supplements • Instruments • Liver transplantation may be an option if the liver begins to fail.

  9. Diagnosis • Blood tests to check levels of liver enzymes are the first step in diagnosing PSC. • Cholangiography can be performed in the following ways: • Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) • Percutaneous Trans Hepatic Cholangiography(PTHC) • Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography(MRCP) • Other testing may include ultrasound exams and a liver biopsy.

  10. Effects of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC) • Deficiency of vitamin A, D, E and K • Liver Failure • Liver Cancer • Cirrhosis • Muscular and skeletal system malfunctions

  11. Quiz • 1) What is PSC? • A. A problem with your bladder • B. Scarring of the stomach • C. Scarring of the bile duct and liver • D. Painful digestion • 2) What are the causes of PSC? • A. Constant digestion of spicy foods • B. Being outside for more than 3 hours • C. Digestion of junk food • D. It is not yet known

  12. Quiz • 3) What are the 4 different vitamins that are affected in the body? • A. Vitamin A, D, E & K • B. Vitamins U, E, K, P • C. Vitamins B, C, T & D • D. Vitamins H, B, K, D • 4) What is one of the advanced effects of PSC? • A. Complications of the Pancreas • B. Hallucinations • C. Chronic Fatigue • D. Heartburn

  13. Questions? Thank You

  14. Vitamins A, D, E & K Vitamin K: Blood clot reducer reduce risk of Osteoporosis Reduces the threat of bleeding in liver blood sugar regulator. Vitamin D: Calcium and Phosphorus Absorber Arthritis Preventer Blood Pressure Regulator Tension and Stress Reducer • Vitamin A: • Antioxidant • Anti-Infection • Immunity Booster • Vitamin E: • Skin Protectant • Cancer Prevention • Metabolism Booster • Prevention of Alzheimer's.

  15. Vitamin D Deficiency • Vitamin D is one of four vitamins that lacks presence in the body; without Vitamin D in the body problems in the Skeletal & Muscular System could begin to develop.

  16. Skeletal System Low Levels of Ca2+ • 1.Blood circulates through Parathyroid Gland, Ca2+below “set point” is detected. • 2.Parathyroid Gland releases Parathyroid Hormone(PTH) and PTH travels through blood. • 3.PTH travels through Haversian Canal to stimulate osteoclasts to work and break down the bone to release Ca2+ in the blood. • 4.Kidneys release Vitamin D to the small intestine and more Ca2+ is absorbed from digested foods(more Ca2+ in blood). • 5.Kidneys are also signaled to not release Ca2+ in urine which causes more Ca2+ in the blood.

  17. Muscular System Steps to Muscle Contraction: • 1.Brain sends nerve signals to the skeletal muscle releasing Aretylcholine to muscles, Ach then causes Ca2+ to be released to muscles. • 2.Ca2+ then binds to troponin, causing a change in shape, Tropomyosin then changes shape, rotating and revealing Actin binding site. • 3.This allows myosin to bind to Actin and pull Actin. ATP then releases Actin/Myosin so Myosin can bind to another Actin and this repeats. • 4. Ca2+ is then released from Troponin causing all molecules to go back to its original shape. Then Myosin cannot bind to Actin so the muscle is relaxed.

  18. Works Cited • http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/primarysclerosingcholangitis/index.aspx#complications • http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001330/ • http://www.antioxidantsdetective.com/benefits-of-vitamin-a.html • http://www.newsmax.com/fastfeatures/health-benefits-of-vitamin/2010/11/12/id/370865 • http://www.newsmax.com/FastFeatures/Health-benefits-vitamin-E/2011/02/01/id/369888 • http://www.healthdiaries.com/eatthis/6-health-benefits-of-vitamin-k.html

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