Post War America !

1. Post War America ! The Cold War Begins Course of Study Objective 8

2. Objective • Describe the international role of the United States from 1945 through 1960 relative to the Truman doctrine, Marshall Plan, Berlin Blockade, and NATO

3. World War II the aftermath at Home • Harry S. Truman –President • Demobilize economy • 12.5 million return to civilian life • Industry producing consumer goods • Women –what to do with them????

4. World War II the aftermath at home • Labor Unions – before the war • Concentrate on war effort • Concentrate on consumers creates demands • Not met –strike • United Mine Workers– John L Lewis • Truman stands tough

5. World War II the aftermath at home • Truman and Unions • Taft –Hartley Act – vetoed (placed restrictions on unions) • Passed cements union support for Truman • Civil Rights --- • Truman tries but fails • Crowning achievement – Executive Order – 9981 –ending segregation in the armed forces

6. World War II the aftermath –abroad • Containment --- Truman Doctrine • 1947--would provide political, military and economic assistance to all democratic nations under threat from external or internal authoritarian forces. • The Truman Doctrine reoriented U.S. foreign policy, from regional conflicts not directly involving the United States, to one of possible intervention in far away conflicts.

7. World War II aftermath abroad • Marshall Plan – George Marshall – Sec State • Help Europe rebuild • Soviets will decline • Battle—will it drive a further rift between U.S and Soviets? Will it bankrupt America , should $ be spent in Asia not Europe • Sen Arthur Vandenburg – have to do it • Protect rest of Europe from Communism

11. The Cold War has begun • The first of many fights • Berlin Crisis • West Germany—democratic • Agreement access to Berlin through Soviet territory • Close it • Want democratic countries to give up Berlin • Berlin Airlift –supply democratic side of Berlin

12. What about China • Chang Kai-shek • Corrupt government but friendly to U.S. • Mao Ze Dong –Communist • War erupted • We support Chang • Not military • Fall to Communist • We look for Japan

13. Containing Communism • Marshall Plan • Provide economic assistance to all European nations • 12 million dollars into Europe • Did it help? • 1950– 64 percent – rise in industrial production, communists influence declined , opportunities for trade increased

14. Nuclear Weapons • stay armed because Soviets • Atomic Energy Commission – established 1945 • Truman approves development of new H-Bomb • National Security Act == create Department of Defense • CIA –open and covert methods • Secret political and military op’s • What does all this mean????? • President have expanded powers ---

15. How do we combat Communists • North Atlantic Treaty Organization – • Organization of 12 nations • If one is attacked it is an attack on all • Communists will join – Warsaw Pact • Expand military • Expand defense budget

16. Korea • Split into North and South after WWII • Communists and Western Worlds@ 38 parallel • DMZ is established • Kim Il Jong established dynasty • Communists would try to overtake South • Containment policy ---what is it • Seesaw around the 38 • MacArthur is General • Truman – scared of China

17. Korea • MacArthur wants to peruse victory • Truman –no • Controversy • Who is in charge – General Macarthur or President --- • Macarthur is fired – public is backing him • 1953 ends

19. Hysteria Hits Home • Red Scare – • Why? • Atomic Bomb and the Soviets • American Government will fuel it • How • HUAC • Political lives will be shaped by this • Republicans want to prove demos allowed communist activities

20. Rosenberg's Soviets get the bomb Secrets were sold McCarran Act

21. Hysteria Hits Home • HUAC • Hollywood, writers, producers • Government/ Alger Hiss • Made everyone believe • Richard Nixon

23. Hysteria Hits Home The FBI Director – J Edgar Hoover Harass government workers Joseph McCarthy Art to senate trials “are you or have you ever been a communist”