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WARM-UP

WARM-UP. Define Popular sovereignty and fascism. Use each of these words in a sentence. Write definitions and sentences in your bell-work journal. American Revolution. ( 1775-1783 ). Warm Up on Read-along #1.

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WARM-UP

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  1. WARM-UP • Define Popular sovereignty and fascism. • Use each of these words in a sentence. • Write definitions and sentences in your bell-work journal.

  2. American Revolution (1775-1783)

  3. Warm Up on Read-along #1 Use the information you have learned and what you know about this subject. Turn to your partner and come up with a working definition for the term political revolution

  4. Read Along #1 Answer Political revolution- the overthrow of one government and its replacement with another. (major change)

  5. Causes for the American Revolution (notes) • Ideas from the Glorious Revolution – limited monarchy, written bill of rights (English Bill of Rights) • Ideas from the Enlightenment – all people have rights and governments are responsible for protecting these rights; people have the right to remove governments that fail to do so • Enlightenment focuses on a more secular (worldly) outlook on religion and calls for greater religious tolerance • Belief that “rights as Englishmen” were being violated – “No taxation without representation” • Desire to participate in parliament (It’s like Congress)

  6. Why America is truly Great

  7. Causes Continued (notes)… • British polices related to the American colonies, especially concerning the imposition of taxes • The Americans declared independence in the Declaration of Independence (Thomas Jefferson- writer influenced by John Locke) expressing ideas about liberty, equality, and democratic-republic form of government. • The ideas of the enlightenment thinker John Locke, Thomas Hobbes, and Rousseau that inspired much of the freedoms found in the Constitution and the Declaration of the Rights of Man

  8. Read Along #2 and #3 #2 What other causes might have led up to the American Revolution in 1776? #3 Were there people on the American colonies that wanted to remain loyal to Great Britain? If so, why?

  9. Answer • #2- Examples: • Stamp Act- (1765) a tax is put on official stamp that they never had to pay before • Boston Tea Party- (1773) taxes on tea- everyday luxury drink. • Quartering of Troops- to save money, British forced colonists to house British troops #3- Yes. The colonies felt they needed Great Britain for resources that the colonies didn’t have. Some believed they were still British…by mid 1700’s new generations were born in America bringing about a growing sense of independence.

  10. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uZfRaWAtBVg

  11. What Happened (notes)… • Revolution started by the merchant class a.k.a. mercantile class as a protest against British taxation without representation (person engaged in the purchase and sale of commodities for profit, esp on international markets; trader) • Many colonists remained loyal to Great Britain • Much of the success for America was due to alliances with France and Spain • British overconfidence and difficulty in fighting a long-distance war had big impact

  12. What Happened continued (notes)… Revolutionary War begins in 1775 Battle of Lexington and Concord- “Shot heard round world” U.S. declares its Independence!

  13. Steps to the Revolution 2.French/Indian War 1763 Colonist benefit so they must help pay for it. 1. Sense of Independence by mid 1700’s it was 50 yrs 3. Stamp Act 1765 Tax for official stamp 9.Rev. War cost England $$$ America is Free!! 4.Goods for Sale… colonist boycott… Stamp Act repealed 1766 5.Tax on Tea… Boston Tea Party 6.England closes harbor; Troops in Boston… Boston Massacre… Shot heard around the World 10.France enters War 1778 7. 1st Continental Congress makes army Gen Wash in charge 8.Rev. War begins 1775 T.J. writes Dec. of Independence

  14. Read Along #4 • #4- Turn to your partner and discuss the quote “A Shot Heard A Round World” and develop an explanation of its meaning. How is the “Shot Heard a Round the World” a big deal? Give me a “So What” answer • Answer#4: This was the beginning of the American Revolution which showed the world the British can be defeated and the common man has a voice. (Influenced groups: the French, Latin Americans, etc.)

  15. EFFECTS (notes) • America became independent (Declaration of • Independence- causing the growth of European democratic movements.) • U.S. Constitution (1789) included the ideas of constitutionalism, separation of powers, and popular sovereignty • The Bill of Rights was added as the first 10 amendments (Thanks to the works of the Enlightenment thinker John Locke) and Britain adopted a constitutional monarchy. • The success and ideas of the American Revolution inspired the French to start their own revolution

  16. Read Along #5 and #6 • #5 Why is the adoption of the Bill of Rights in America important? • And… • #6 Why is the adoption of a Constitutional Monarchy in Great Britain important?

  17. Answer • #5 The Bill of Rights gave Americans new established rights. Such as, Freedom of religion, speech, press, the right to bear arms, the right to due process of law, and others. • #6 A Constitutional Monarchy put limits on the king’s power (no more absolute monarchy- government MUST OBEY the laws)

  18. The Declaration of Independence (1776)- (notes) • Established to declare independence of the American colonies from Great Britain. • Brought unity to the common people living in the colonies in America • Sparked a growth of the democratic movements going on in Europe • Sparked French Revolution with the idea that government should guarantee certain basic human rights. • Influenced the French who eventually developed the “Declaration of Rights of Man” defining the individual and collective rights for all.

  19. Background information: The poor French citizens were starving to death do to high taxes and a shortage of food, while the rich lived the life of luxuries off the taxes of the poor. If the poor couldn’t pay their taxes or where caught sealing (even food) the were thrown into the Bastille prison. FRENCH REVOLUTION(1789-1795) The Bastille

  20. Read on page 576 the section Titled Storming the Bastille. Talk with you Partner and come up with at least two reasons why the fall of the Bastille Prison would be seen as a symbolic act for the French Revolution. 1. 2.

  21. CAUSES of the French Revolution (notes) 1. Influences from the Enlightenment and the American Revolution 2. Inequality in the class system (1st, 2nd, 3rd estates)- special privileges for nobility. 3. Abuses and special privilegesof the nobility and the kings 4. Debt and wastefulness of the monarchy placed high taxes on the 3rd Estate- caused uprising (Many wars cost France much money) 5. Cropfailures cause the price of bread to rise beyond the ability of the peasants to pay (starvation) 6. Weakening power of the Catholic Church

  22. VS All the perks of fine living All the perks of peasant life

  23. The Estates-General (notes) France’s social classes were divided up into 3 Estates which would be represented in this lawmaking body. 1st Estate – Clergy (mostly self centered, but a few good people) 2nd Estate – Nobles (paid little or no taxes yet enjoyed all the privilege) 3rd Estate – Newly rich bourgeoisie and peasants (vast majority of pop. 98%) Each estate had one vote when it came to law making decisions such as who was to take on the burden of taxes. When King Louis XVI was in desperate need of cash he called the Estates-General together.

  24. Read Along #7 and #8 • #7- If each estate only gets one vote then where do you see similar interests influencing the vote? • #8- With the above issue how would the American Revolution spark the idea of change with the system of representation within the French government?

  25. Answer Who does this little dude represent? • #7- Clergy and Nobility will have similar ideas therefore if they vote together then the Third Estate’s vote is irrelevant. • #8- The French Revolution will bring about social and economic reorganization. EX: The French were able to see how American colonists stood up for themselves because of the lack of colonial representation and achieved independence through their Revolution.

  26. What took place… (notes) • Originates with the lower classes as opposed to the merchants starting the American Revolution • Characterized by extreme violence… • Reign of Terror • Guillotine • King and Queen killed.

  27. What Happened Continued…notes) • In Summary… • Revolution will leave a void • National Assembly fills void but only concerned with bougeoisie(Rich people in 3rd Estate) not representing the majority. • National Assembly overthrown • Jacobins come to power and kill all that oppose them- led by Robespierre- they sent many innocent people to the guillotine and also killed Marie Antoinette and Louis XVI

  28. Thousands were beheaded during the Reign of Terror. Marie Antoinette’s quote when she heard that her people were hungry… bad move Marie

  29. Consequences (notes) • The “Declaration of the Rights of Man” was published • A Parliament (similar to our Congress) was established and peasants were freed • King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette were beheaded along with others during the Reign of Terror • Chaos in government resulted in Napoleon and the army coming to power and creating the French Empire

  30. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wXsZbkt0yqo

  31. Storming of Bastille 1 2 3 4 Marie Antoinette and King Louis XIV at the guillotine

  32. Read Along #9 and #10 #9- Turn to your partner and express your feelings about the guillotine. Would it be humane to use today? #10- Soldiers in these revolutions fought primarily for popular sovereignty. What does that mean?

  33. Answer • #9- It would cost less to use guillotine instead of lethal injection and electric chair. • #10- Freedom from external control, power is received from the people.

  34. INFLUENCE OF THE AMERICAN AND FRENCH REVOLUTIONS ON LATIN AMERICA (notes) American Revolution demonstrated that coloniescould successfully win independence from a European power. Both the American and French Revolutions had written declarations that specifically address the rights of man. American government allowed a free market to flourish. French Revolution was the uprising of the common man. Independence movements began against colonial rule.

  35. EFFECTS: (notes) Ideas from the Enlightenment and travels to France and the United States influenced Simon Bolivar to start a revolution against Spanish rulers in Colombia and Venezuela. American and French Revolutions also inspire revolutions led by Jose de San Martin in Argentina, Chile, and Peru, as well as the Mexican Revolution led by Miguel Hidalgo.

  36. Causes of the 1917 Revolutions in Russia • Widespread discontent among all classes of Russian society • Agitation from revolutionaries • Weak leadership of Czar Nicholas II after taking control of the military and huge losses fighting Germany. Later Military Failure in the Great War. • Lenin’s arrival in Russia • Plan to redistribute land to the peasants and promises to end the war. • Scandal in the Royal Family- End of the Romanov Dynasty. • Bloody Sunday (1905) results in the deaths of nearly 1,000 unarmed workers and their families who march on the palace in St. Petersburg to protest better working conditions and are fired on by Russian soldiers

  37. REVIEW: Discuss with a partner • What type of people are all the revolutions, discussed today in class, supported by? • In the French and American Revolution, the revolutionary soldier fought for what democratic principle? • Equal wealth • Federalism • Popular sovereignty

  38. Answer • The third estate, commoners, lower classes, peasants, merchants etc. NOT NOBILITY OR CLERGY • Popular sovereignty

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