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Consequences of Parental Care: Male and Female Eastern Bluebird Delivery of Food to Chicks

Consequences of Parental Care: Male and Female Eastern Bluebird Delivery of Food to Chicks. India Peek Jensen: REACH Program Spring Lake High School Mentors: Dr. Kathy Winnett-Murray and Dr. Greg Fraley. animals.nationalgeographic.com/.../bluebird.html. Introduction.

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Consequences of Parental Care: Male and Female Eastern Bluebird Delivery of Food to Chicks

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  1. Consequences of Parental Care:Male and Female Eastern Bluebird Delivery of Food to Chicks India Peek Jensen: REACH Program Spring Lake High School Mentors: Dr. Kathy Winnett-Murray and Dr. Greg Fraley animals.nationalgeographic.com/.../bluebird.html

  2. Introduction • From a scientific standpoint • Parental effort is a large part of understanding how the environment influences the social and mating systems of animals. • From a wildlife management standpoint • We want to know how changes in the environment are influencing the sustainability of this population through behaviors like parental care. http://poemsandprose.blog.co.uk/2006/11/14/more_tessimond~1328098

  3. Background • Eastern Bluebird (Sialia sialis) • 1970s-80s EB population in MI plummeted. • Reproductive Habits • Typically monogamous • 4-6 eggs • Primarily insectivorous J.H. Campbell Complex, Consumers Energy http://www.pbase.com/uncledave/image/74457096 http://poemsandprose.blog.co.uk/2006/11/14/more_tessimond~1328098

  4. Bird Composition in Nest Boxes Since 1992 http://poemsandprose.blog.co.uk/2006/11/14/more_tessimond~1328098

  5. Research Questions • Difference between sexes in food delivery? • Do differences affect reproductive success? • How is this related to nest defense? http://poemsandprose.blog.co.uk/2006/11/14/more_tessimond~1328098

  6. Male and Female Eastern Bluebird www.nebraskabirds.com/bluebirds.php flickr.com/photos/12369485@N05/1361846793/ Male Female http://poemsandprose.blog.co.uk/2006/11/14/more_tessimond~1328098

  7. What I did… • Behavior Observations • Nest Checks http://poemsandprose.blog.co.uk/2006/11/14/more_tessimond~1328098

  8. Example of Behavior Data Sheet http://poemsandprose.blog.co.uk/2006/11/14/more_tessimond~1328098

  9. Delivery of Food to Chicks by Male and Female Wilcoxon z=0.15698, df=1, P=0.8753, no significant difference between males and females in delivery trips per minute http://poemsandprose.blog.co.uk/2006/11/14/more_tessimond~1328098

  10. Proportion of Deliveries That Were Large Insects Wilcoxon z=-0.1778608, df=1, P=0.8588324, no significant difference between male and female load sizes http://poemsandprose.blog.co.uk/2006/11/14/more_tessimond~1328098

  11. Brood Time by Male and Female Wilcoxon z=-2.6679113, df=1, P= 0.0076324, significant difference between males and females in brood time per minute http://poemsandprose.blog.co.uk/2006/11/14/more_tessimond~1328098

  12. Delivery Rates to Young and Old Chicks by Male and Female Mann Whitney U (Females)= 12.50, df=1, P=0.1227; Mann Whitney U (Males)= 33.00, df=1, P=0.2764, no significant difference between male and female delivery rates to young and old chicks http://poemsandprose.blog.co.uk/2006/11/14/more_tessimond~1328098

  13. Energy available for self- maintenance, reproduction Energy spent in nest defense, vigilance High Energy Cost 0 100 Energy Spent Energetic Tradeoff in Parental Care http://poemsandprose.blog.co.uk/2006/11/14/more_tessimond~1328098

  14. Conclusion • Males and females exhibit similar effort in feeding chicks, both in the number of deliveries to the nest and the relative size of those food loads. • Although responsibilities may differ at different stages of chick development (e.g. brooding vs. feeding) the overall effort appears to be similar, just as in the equal effort males and females show in nest defense. http://poemsandprose.blog.co.uk/2006/11/14/more_tessimond~1328098

  15. Acknowledgements • REACH Program • Dean of the Natural Sciences Division at Hope College, Dr. Moses Lee • Mentors, Dr. Winnett-Murray and Dr. Fraley • Fellow Research Students: Joel Evenhouse, Jillian Greshel, Jacquelyn Randolet, Tim Paver, Brian Puls, Joel Evenhouse • Mrs. Schanhals, Spring Lake High School • Consumer’s Energy http://poemsandprose.blog.co.uk/2006/11/14/more_tessimond~1328098

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