Low Carbon Technologies for Energy Sector

1. Low Carbon Technologies for Energy Sector Dr. V K Sethi , RECTOR & Director – UIT, RGPV Bhopal

2. The Global Tri-lima, the country is facing: • Quest for increased generation. • Dependence on Coal based generation. • Climate change due to rising GHG level. • Solution lies in • Adoption of Green Power Technologies • Low Carbon/ No Carbon technologies & Clean Coal Technologies • Development of Carbon capture & Sequestration technologies

3. Energy for the Earth Planet- Non-CO2 Options • Key scenario for stabilizing CO2in the atmosphere during 21st century turn on the viability of CO2 sequestration. This implies CO2 capture, storage and then pumping for EOR and to aquifers, Basalt Rocks etc. to stay for millennia. • Sequestration has been adopted as preferred option over storage • In any case minimum 10 TW is needed within a decade from Breeder Nuclear , Clean Coal Technologies (CCTs) and Renewables.

4. MAJOR TECHNOLOGICAL CHALLENGES • Technology Breakthroughs in areas like CO2 capture & Clean Coal Technologies • Low cost Solar Photo Voltaic Cells. • Energy efficiency on top of the agenda. • Carbon trading in all Major Industries. • Future funding in Clean Technologies. • Evolving Base line methodologies for variety of Green & Clean technologies.

5. Green Energy solutions Promote CCT in countries like India & China where coal is main stay fuel for Power Generation. Increased use of Advanced Fossil Fuel Technology Energy Farming Energy Efficiency Major shift towards Green Technologies Adoption of Renewable Energy Technologies in Rural Sector

6. Issues before the house • Technology break thoughts in the areas like CO2 capture and Clean Coal Technologies • Development of low cost solar photo voltaic cells • Bringing Energy Efficiency & Energy Conservation on the top of the National Agenda • Promotion of Carbon Trading on the strength of Energy Efficiency and Green Environment initiatives.

7. Energy conservation along with low-or-no- carbon energy sources is the key to dealing with the global warming problem. • All alternative sources such as Biomass, Geothermal, Tidal, Solar and Wind will meet only a quarter of projected demand for electricity by 2050 for supporting 10 billion world populations. • Though there are differing opinions of some technologists who favor nuclear fission, the only long term viable source of energy is thermo nuclear fusion. If there is any chance of Helium-3 fusion becoming a practical reality by 2050, we must better start now.

8. There is serious under investment today in basic low carbon energy technologies such as photovoltaic materials for cost effective Solar Cells, membrane materials for better fuel cells and wide band-gap semiconductors for power electronics. • Capacity addition targets of no-carbon sources comprise of 6400 MW through Nuclear and 10700 MW through non-conventional sources by 2012. • Major thrust in CO2 reduction in long term and sustainable basis world came through adoption of advanced technologies of Coal utilization for power generation like Supercritical/ Ultra-supercritical power cycle, Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC), Fluidized bed combustion/Gasification and so on.

9. India’s position with regard to Carbon Capture & Storage (CCS) is very clear. We don’t make any commitment at this stage regarding deployment of CCS technologies. India advocates very strongly the Carbon Capture & Sequestration. • Some of the demo pilot projects include: • Pilot project on Geological CO2 sequestration in basalt rock formation. • Projects under DST sponsored National Program on Carbon Sequestration (NPCS)

10. RGTU INITIATIVES • Hybrid power plant of Wind, Solar & Biomass has been setup which will pave way for sustainable power supply for variety of biomass fuels & environment limitations. • Biomass Gasifier (10kW) & Bio-diesel Plant (100 LPD) has been commissioned • Green Energy Technology Center has been set up to focus on following areas: - Clean Coal Technology & CDM - Bio-fuels and bio-diesel - Renewable Energy devices (hybrid) targeted to produce 1 MW Power for the campus - Energy Conservation & Management - CO2 Sequestration & CO2 capture technologies .

11. CO2 Capture & Sequestration Project An Impact Project of DST at RGPV Bhopal MODELING & SIMULATION OF CARBON RECYCLING TECHNOLOGY THROUGH CONVERSION OF CO2 INTO USEFUL MULTIPURPOSE FUEL

12. Objectives of the Proposal: • 1.To establish a pilot plant for CO2 sequestration and conversion in to multipurpose fuel. • 2. To develop Zero Emission Technology Projects and recycle Carbon-di-oxide to add value to clean energy projects by adopting two pathways: • Sequester CO2 and convert the same into fuel molecules. • Use CO2 to grow micro algae to produce Bio-diesel and Methane Gas. 3. To develop mathematical & chemical models for CO2 sequestration, Hydro Gasifier, Catalytic conversion & Algae pond systems.

13. The following four systems have been incorporated: • 1. CO2 Capture & sequestration system – Indigenous Development • 2. Catalytic Flash Reduction of CO2 using charcoal from gasifier /lignite. Production of Hydrogen from CO • 3.Production of Methane using Catalytic Conversion process • 4. Production of Algae from CO2 Sequestration with Solar flux.

14. CO2 Sequestration Pilot Plant installed under the DST Project

15. Methodology Description of the Pilot Plant:- Rated Capacity of the Capture of CO2 : 500 kg/ day Source of CO2: Boiler of capacity 100kg/hr. steam & Biomass Gasifier of 10kWe Solvent used for capture of CO2 : Mono Ethanol Amine (MEA) SOx & NOx Removal: Na H CO3, NaOH & Lime. Catalytic Converters / Reduction Unit - For Methane.... Input CO and H2, Catalyst “R - 01 * - For Hydrogen.... Input CO and Steam, Catalyst “R - 02 * - For CO ... Input CO2 and Lignite /charcoals

16. Scheme Diagram of CO2 Capture PilotPlant

17. Application Potential: • Long Term • Deployment of the Technology to Actual Power Plants of NTPC • through BHEL / TOSHIBA or any other major player • Immediate • Green Energy Technology Centre (GETC) being set-up for Teaching • & Research (M. Tech & PhD) • Future action plan: • Efforts are underway to extend the scope of the process by incorporation a Coal gasifier and recycling of carbon through collaborative research and Distributive Research Initiatives (DRI) with Research Organizations and Power Industries.

18. A SUSTAINABLE POWER DEVELOPMENT MODEL FOR INDIA • Meeting Energy need of Rural India (about 100 Billion Units per annum) through use of Renewable Energy technologies like Biomass, Wind, Solar and their Hybrid. • Use of Clean Coal Technologies (CCTs) & Green Power Engineering (About 500 billion Units) for Mega Power Generation for Cities, Industries and all other sectors of economy.

19. Summary • Coal is going to remain our main stay in Power Scenario. • A synergy between Energy & Environment is need of the day as over 56% GHG Emission is from Energy Generating Systems, for which: • Accelerated growth of Power generation should be coupled with Environmental concern through adoption of Clean Coal Technologies • Renewable Energy Technologies need a fillip particularly for Rural Sector • Energy Conservation measures will go a long way in reducing Demand : Supply Gap • R&D PROJECT ON CARBON CAPTURE & SEQUESTRATION BE TAKEN UP ON MISSION MODE.

20. THANK YOU