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Ethical Self-Awareness Personal Responsibility and Professional Obligation

Ethical Self-Awareness Personal Responsibility and Professional Obligation. By Jeannette Baca, Ed.D., LPC Adjunct Professor of Counseling NMCA Past President (2009-2010) NMCA Ethics Chair (2005-2009). “ It is always the right time to do the right thing . Martin Luther King.

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Ethical Self-Awareness Personal Responsibility and Professional Obligation

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  1. Ethical Self-Awareness Personal Responsibility and Professional Obligation By Jeannette Baca, Ed.D., LPC Adjunct Professor of Counseling NMCA Past President (2009-2010) NMCA Ethics Chair (2005-2009)

  2. “It is always the right time to do the right thing. Martin Luther King

  3. Activity #1: What is the “right thing?” Pair and Share: • What is meant by the “right thing?” • Explain how you determine what the “right thing” is. • Short Discussion

  4. Values and Valuing Values are: • rules by which we make decisions about right and wrong. • priority systems all individuals have—whether they acknowledge it or not– and use to determine what is more important and what is less important to them. • principles or standards of a person or group that is ultimately used to guide behavior and provide purpose and direction. • that which is intrinsically worthwhile and reflect one’s worldview, culture and meaning of life.

  5. Values and Behavior A value system is a hierarchical ranking of the degree of preference for the values expressed by a particular person or social entity. • Personal values • Professional values A professions specific core values enhance one’s professional perspective, judgment and ability to function within that role.

  6. Ethics and Values Ethics is the area of study that examines values, actions and choices to determine right and wrong. Ethical standards provide: 1. declarations of right or wrong & what “ought” to be 2. a system of valued behaviors and beliefs 3. agreed upon morals for a particular group Code of Ethics: a written document of a profession’s values and standards of behavior; also referred to as the standard of care that governs conduct and protects one’s rights.

  7. Ethical Principles of the Human Services Profession • Hippocrates articulated ethical principles that still serve as a foundation for ethical standards in the helping profession. (Translated from Greek by Ludwig Edelstein, 1943) • Kitchener (1984) applied principles to counseling psychology and added fidelity. • NASW Code identifies core values on which social work’s mission is based.

  8. Activity #2: Pair and Share On large paper provided, name the values of your profession. • Counselors • Social Workers • Nurses Large group: consider the similarities of each profession.

  9. Ethical [valued] principles across professions

  10. Principle Ethics & Best Practices • Autonomy • Independence and self-determination • Nonmaleficence • DO NO HARM, even inadvertently • Beneficence • Promote good, physical and mental health and wellness. • Justice • Commitment to fairness in our profession • “Distributive justice” right to be treated equally, regardless of sex, race, marital status, diagnosis, social status, sexual orientation, or religious belief. • Fidelity • Creating a trusting relationship, tell the truth and keeping promises

  11. Principles & Associated Ethical Standards Autonomy Obtain informed consent/assent Respect client’s freedom of choice Nonmaleficence Boundary of competence Avoid harmful roles or relationships with clients Inform clients of risks Beneficence Do the best you can for client Work within limits of competence and training Heed duty to warn or protect Justice Respect cultural differences Assure services are accessible to those with limitations Advocate against discrimination and discriminatory practices Fidelity Loyalty to clients, the profession and employees keep promises Be truthful and honest with clients Advocate for clients Respect a client’s privacy and confidentiality Be loyal to one’s colleagues and the profession

  12. Code of Ethical Responsibility of the Education Profession (NMAC 6.60.9.1) • Moral Values (p.2) • Respect for one’s self and others • Honesty and openness • The balance between absolute freedom and safety • Balance between confidentiality and the right to know • Equality of opportunity • Fairness to all • Personal integrity

  13. Professional Obligation; Counselors • “Counselors are aware of their own values, attitudes, beliefs and behaviors and avoid imposing values that are inconsistent with counseling goals.” (ACA Code of Ethics, 2005, A.4.b) • Professional School Counselors…”respect students’ values, beliefs and cultural background and do not impose the school counselor’s personal values on students or their families.” (ASCA Ethical Standards, 2010, A.1.c)

  14. School Nurses & Social Workers Professional Competency • The school nurse maintains the highest level of competency…while adhering to the standards of school nursing practice. (NASN Code of Ethics, 2010) • “Value conflicts are common among nurses, doctors, administrators, and families. It is important to clarify your own values as you develop a professional ethic” (Catalano) Purpose of the NASW Code of Ethics “Social workers should be aware of…their own personal values and cultural and religious beliefs and practices. They should be aware of any conflicts between personal and professional values and deal with them responsibly.” (NASW Code of Ethics, 2006, p. 3)

  15. Activity # 3: Self-Assessment Complete the Self-Assessment of Professional Ethics Items 1-16; personal needs, feelings and support Items 17-32; unintentional bias, boundary of competency Items 33 & 34; ethical hierarchy

  16. Common Ethical Blind spots Helping professionals have a responsibility to read, understand and follow ethical standards of their profession. Some blind spots are: • #1. [Unintentionally] imposing personal values, attitudes, beliefs and behaviors • #2. [Unconscious] stereotyping and prejudice • #3. The belief that ethical behavior is commonsense [because helping professionals are ethical people] • #4. Using work and clients to meet personal needs

  17. #1. Values Confusion and/or conflict may exist between values, best practices and professional responsibility • Societal values • Personal values • Religious beliefs • Moral standards • Laws • Professional values • Ethical standards

  18. #2. [Unintentionally] Stereotyping “Everyone has biases (O’ Connor in Seeing Patients by Augustus White, 2011). Stereotypes are automatic, deeply ingrained and difficult to change; but they are amenable to control.” “Health professionals must promote the cognitive strategy of individuation, which focuses on the individual attributes of a particular client as opposed to categorization in which the provider sees the client as a member of his or her group” (in Seeing Patients by Augustus White, 2011).

  19. Con’t…Humanistic Care • We must candidly assess some of our most private and least acknowledge attitudes! • Recognize those different from us as fellow humans. • Culturally competent care & cultural self-awareness enable health professionals to identify entrenched prejudices and stereotypes. • We must understand ourselves so we can understand and empathize with others.

  20. #3. Helping Professionals are Ethical People! Counselors, Social Workers and Nurses are people first with : • A view of their own experiences; feelings, thoughts, behaviors • Own sense of reality • Personal needs; love, safety, shelter, intimacy, belonging and self worth (Maslow) [the need to feel successful and important, the need to know that we matter, the need to know we are making a difference, the need to hear we are good (Kushner)] • Human instincts, desires…

  21. #4. Personal Needs Self-awareness & self-care • Clarify & understand personal values & needs. • Cultural competence: Make biases evident since they often act below the level of consciousness --and influence our thinking and the diagnosis and treatment of clients. • If we understand our values, needs and prejudices and face them honestly we can overcome them instead of allowing them to overcome us and ultimately impact relationships with clients and compromise standard of care. • Be aware of signs of impairment and/burnout and seek help for problems.

  22. Dr. Augustus White (2011) suggests: • Understand the culture of your clients • Individuate rather than categorize • Respect the power of unconscious bias • Identify and remediate situations of stereotyping and bias • Do a “teach back” (p. 299-303)

  23. Think Ethically!(refer to handout) • Engage in a carefully considered ethical decision-making process! • Top Ten Tips!

  24. References American Counseling Association (2005). ACA code of ethics. Alexandria, VA: Author. American School Counselor Association. (2004). Ethical standards for school counselors, Alexandria, VA: Author. Catalano, Retrieved January 2011 from http://old.texarkanacollege.edu/~sdroske/legal.htm. Kushner, H. S. (2001). Living a life that matters. NY: Anchor Books National Association of School Nurses (2010). Code of ethics. Author. National Association of Social Workers (2006). Code of ethics of the NASW. Washington, D.C.: Author Steinman, S.O. Richardson, McEnroe, T. (1998). The ethical decision-making manual for helping professionals. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole White, A.A. (2011). Seeing patients; Unconscious bias in health care. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Press

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