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CHAPTER 6

CHAPTER 6. TROUBADOURS AND TROUVÈRES. Countess Beatriz de Dia.

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CHAPTER 6

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  1. CHAPTER 6 TROUBADOURS AND TROUVÈRES

  2. Countess Beatriz de Dia • Around 1175 she composed the sole song by a trobairitz to survive today: Chantar m’er (I must sing). It conveys the sentiment of disappointment in love from the perspective of a woman. It also exhibits a repetitive formal plan (ABABCDB).

  3. Eleanor of Aquitaine (c1122-1204) • Duchess of Aquitaine and successively queen of France and then England was both a powerful political figure and a great patroness of poets and musicians. Late in her life her court was centered at the castle of Chinon, on the border of the Touraine and the Aquitaine in southwestern France.

  4. The Angevin kingdom of which Eleanor of Aquitaine was queen

  5. Bernart de Ventadorn • Among the troubadours patronized by Eleanor at Chinon, and who composed songs about her, was Bernart de Ventadorn (c1135-c1195). • Wrote Can vei la lauzeta (When I see the lark) as an embittered complaint against Eleanor, because she had betrayed him. • Ultimately, withdrew from Chinon and entered a monastery. Similarly, Eleanor in her last years entered the convent at Fontevraud near Chinon where she died and was buried.

  6. Tomb of Elanor of Aquitaine at Fontevraud Abbey Notice that Eleanor holds a book to symbolize that she is a learned woman. Notice also that to her right is buried her son King Richard (Lionheart)

  7. King Richard I of England (1157-1199) • A monarch and trouvère, for he set music to poetry written in the langue d’oïl of the north of France. His beautiful chanson Ja nus hons pris ne dira (Truly, a captive doesn’t speak his mind) laments the fact that he was captured returning from a crusade and that his friends have failed to pay his ransom. The chanson is composed in AAB form and in what later music theorists will call Aeolian mode.

  8. In addition to the troubadours and trouvères in France, comparable songsters could be found in Germany, where they were called Minnesingers, and in Spain and Portugal. The court of Alfonso the Wise, king of Castile, Spain, was a center for the cultivation of the cantiga (a secular monophonic song in Spanish or Portugese). At his court were compiled several collections of cantigas, and these books are graced with splendid illuminations showing musicians of the day at work.

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