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The Use of Herbicides to Rehabilitate Native Grasslands

The Use of Herbicides to Rehabilitate Native Grasslands. Thomas G. Barnes Extension Professor Department of Forestry. Globally Rare System Less than 4% of original 81 million ha remain 64% of rare communities In KY are grass dominated. OBJECTIVES.

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The Use of Herbicides to Rehabilitate Native Grasslands

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  1. The Use of Herbicides to Rehabilitate Native Grasslands Thomas G. Barnes Extension Professor Department of Forestry

  2. Globally Rare System Less than 4% of original 81 million ha remain 64% of rare communities In KY are grass dominated

  3. OBJECTIVES 1. Efficacy of 3 herbicides for removing tall fescue from native grasslands & releasing NWSG 2. Document post-emergence forb tolerance to imazapic & sulfosufuron

  4. Methods • 14 study sites • 6 in Outer Bluegrass (Scott, Bullitt, Lewis) • 2 in Cumberland Plateau (Rowan, Whitley) • 6 in Mississippi Plateau (Hart, Hardin, Grayson)

  5. Methods • Pre-treatment vegetative communities • 50% fescue & 50% natives • NWSG varied by site (big bluestem, Indiangrass, little bluestem, switchgrass, broomsedge, Elliott’s broomsedge, split-beard broomsedge, tall dropseed) • Variety of soils (mostly limestone) • Variety of forbs

  6. Methods • 3 Herbicides 12 oz Plateau (+ MSO) 12 oz Select (+ MSO) – graminicide 2 oz Outrider (+ MSO) • Plot size 3 x 10m • Applied April with CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer • Walk 1 kph delivering volume 187 L/ha • Temp varied 13 – 28C, relative humidity averaged 60%, winds < 16 kph

  7. Methods Vegetative Samples 3 .3m2 per treatment plot Total vegetative cover % Fescue % NWSG % Bare Ground Species Richness PROC GLM, Least Mean Square

  8. Results

  9. Total Vegetative CoverYear One b a a a

  10. Total Vegetative CoverYear Two a a a a

  11. Percent FescueYear One a b c c

  12. Percent FescueYear Two b a a a

  13. Percent NWSGYear One a b c c

  14. Percent NWSGYear Two a a a b

  15. Percent Bare GroundYear One b a,b c c

  16. Percent Bare GroundYear Two b b b a

  17. Species Richness b a,b c c

  18. Mixed Grass System

  19. All three do good job after one year of taking out fescue, forb species do not vary much between herbicides Select Plateau Outrider

  20. Plateau Tolerant Forbs • Mostly in Poaceae, Fabaceae, Asteraceae • Over 100 species

  21. Plateau Tolerant Forbs • Eupatorium coelestinum, hyssopifolium, serotinum, fistulosum • Aster pilosus, dumosus, patens, ontarionensis, lateriflorus, novae-angliae • Solidago altissima, rugosa, odorata, nemoralis • Asclepias tuberosa, viridis, viridiflorus • Silphium terebinthenaceum, pinnatifidum • Rudbeckia hirta, fulgida, Ratibida pinnata, Helianthus divaricatus, H. atrorubens

  22. Exercise Caution • Invasive exotic forbs, legumes • Crown vetch, sericea lespedeza, spotted knapweed, white & yellow sweet clover, Japanese honeysuckle

  23. Mgmt Implications • All Three Herbicides are effective at removing tall fescue • Imazapic releases NWSG • Clethodim protects forbs • Sulfosulfuron good compromise (cheaper)

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