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This ppt is a model to demonstrate a revision technique for all essays but using as an example the event ‘The M arch on Washington.’ I call it vertical learning because it makes you respond in the blank slides that follow one another vertically You know that you are required to:
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This ppt is a model to demonstrate a revision technique for all essays but using as an example the event ‘The March on Washington.’ • I call it vertical learning because it makes you respond in the blank slides that follow one another vertically • You know that you are required to: • Identify an event • Signal FOUR causes • Describe THREE or FOUR consequences for groups or people • If you’ save as’ this template into your hard drive, you can repeat the activity
The Birmingham Campaign after an initial setback at Albany. (Paragraph 1 can deal with Albany and Birmingham) At Birmingham a concerted campaign desegregated the most segregated city in the South 2. President Kennedy spoke of his commitment to equality for all. 3. A white backlash to the Birmingham success saw NAACP leader Medgar Evers assassinated and the bombing of a church in Birmingham, 4. The March on Washington witnessed up to 250 000 people descending on Washington 5. The consequences of this march were to see a commitment to Civil Rights 6. despite the assassination of President Kennedy his successor President Johnson steered the act through Congress in 1964. 7. The awarding of the Nobel Peace Prize to M L King
1963 was a significant year for the Civil Rights Movement with the March on Washington as the highlight. (This signals the event)Earlier in the year the movement had experienced success with the 1. Birmingham Campaign after an initial setback at Albany. (Paragraph 1 can deal with Albany and Birmingham) At Birmingham a concerted campaign desegregated the most segregated city in the South. (The previous sentence has signalled Birmingham so you probably do not need this underlined one) 2. President Kennedy spoke of his commitment to equality for all. 3. A white backlash to the Birmingham success saw NAACP leader Medgar Evers assassinated and the bombing of a church in Birmingham, but this only increased the resolve to force the hand of the Kennedys to follow up their rhetoric with action. 4.The March on Washington witnessed up to 250 000 people descending on Washington to mark 100 years since Abraham Lincoln’s emancipation proclamation. The consequences of this march were to see a commitment to a Civil Rights Bill from the Federal Government and despite the assassination of President Kennedy his successor President Johnson steered the act through Congress in 1964. The awarding of the Nobel Peace Prize to Martin Luther Kingwas due recognition of the success of the movement.
Birmingham paragarph Albany failure - lessons BUCC B = Birmingham BU = Bull U = Usual methods of protest C = Connor C = Confrontation ‘Project C’ C = Commissioner C = Children
The Birmingham Campaign was a co-ordinated initiative to de-segregate one of the most segregated cities in the South. The Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) led by Reverend Doctor Martin Luther King and the Students Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) had earlier in the year received a set-back with a campaign in Albany, Georgia. The local Police Chief, Laurie Pritchett had absorbed all of the protests by imprisoning all protestors in local jails. This had defused the protest. But lessons learnt where applied in Birmingham with a concerted campaign that targeted confrontation as a major difference from Albany. Bull Connor, the Police Chief in Birmingham, gave the protest the reaction that guaranteed success. The usual strategies of sit-ins, street marches, speeches and boycotts were all applied and many were arrested. When the protest seemed to be stalling because many of the adults were in prison, children were used by the movement. By turning police dogs and fire hoses on to the children, world-wide media attention was focused on Birmingham. King was arrested and imprisoned, where he wrote his ‘Letter from a Birmingham jail’, smuggled out on pieces of toilet paper and the edges of newspaper. The media exposure led to success in the campaign when the city authorities agreed to make changes to Jim Crow. This encouraged the movement to build on the gains with more action.
KEY IDEAS • President Kennedy went on national television • possible for any American to attend a school • to receive equal service, equal accommodation, equal access to voting rights and equal opportunity. • statistics are stacked against the American Negro. • Yet Negroes serve in theatres of war • Comprehensive Civil Rights bill signalled
President Kennedy went on national television and signalled that the Federal Government would commit to a concerted campaign to focus on the issue of Civil Rights. He argued that it ought to be possible for any American to attend a school without troops backing them up. It ought to be possible for any Americans regardless of colour to receive equal service, equal accommodation, equal access to voting rights and equal opportunity. The statistics are stacked against the American Negro. And yet the country asked the Negro to serve in theatres of war as Amercians. He went on to signal a comprehensive set of initiatives by the Federal Government and called on all states to do the same
White backlash key points Medgar Evers Mississippi Sunday School bombing in Birmingham
Unfortunately for the Civil Rights Movement, the gains made at Birmingham and the optimism signalled by the President, received two setbacks. When four little girls were murdered by a bomb set off in a Sunday School in Birmingham and the leader of the NAACP in Mississippi, MedgarEvars was assassinated, it was clear that progress came at the price of a white backlash. The White Citizen’s Council and the Ku Klux Klan even began to use some of the same techniques as the Civil Rights protests. The leaders decided tnat what was required was a March on Washington.
March to Washington August 1963. • aims - npresent a list of the needs of Blacks • support President Kennedy’s Civil Rights Bill. • Monument to Lincoln Memorial • 200 000 • “I have a dream” speech – • highlight of the Civil Rights Movement.
A massive Civil Rights march to Washington was held in August 1963. It's aims wereto present a list of the needs of Blacks and to support President Kennedy’s Civil Rights Bill. The march planned to go from the Washington Monument commemorated the founding of the U.S.A.) to the Lincoln Memorial (the President who abolished slavery in 1863 )In excess of 200 000 marched. From the four corners of America. They listened to speeches and music from many black and white singers. Martin Luther King made his famous “I have a dream"speech- thought to be one of the most powerful speeches in the 20th century. It contained a great deal of emotion along with King's prophetic quality . This was seen by many as the highlight o f the Civil Rights Movement.
The consequences of this march were to see an increased commitment to Civil Rights by the Kennedy administration.
despite the assassination of President Kennedy his successor President Johnson steered the act through Congress in 1964.
