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Nutritional Diseases in Livestock

CLF 3156. Nutritional Diseases in Livestock. Kirsti Whitmyre , AgEd 410 Spring 2013. Objectives. Students will know… Common nutritional diseases Causes and symptoms Treatment and prevention.

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Nutritional Diseases in Livestock

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  1. CLF 3156 Nutritional Diseasesin Livestock KirstiWhitmyre, AgEd 410 Spring 2013

  2. Objectives Students will know… • Common nutritional diseases • Causes and symptoms • Treatment and prevention http://www2.dupont.com/animal-nutrition-disease-prevention/en-us/sites/default/files/AnimalNutrition%20PCG%20Hero2_1100x290.jpg

  3. Importance of Animal Nutrition • A consistent feed regime is critical to prevent nutritional diseases • Diseased stock can put economic success of enterprise in danger • Deficiencies and toxicities can damage livestock before they are detected • Must monitor feeds and resources closely

  4. Main Causes of Nutritional Diseases • Too little feed • Deficiency in one or more nutrients • Forced production • Feed produced on leached or depleted soils • Increase in confinement of animals

  5. Check For Understanding What are 2 of the 3 main categories of nutritional disease?

  6. Vitamin Deficiency Diseases • Osteomalacia (Rickets) Causes: • Inadequate vitamin D • Incorrect ratio of calcium: phosphorus Symptoms: • Lack of appetite, weight loss • Enlarged or stiff joints, bowed legs

  7. Vitamin Deficiency Diseases • Osteomalacia (Rickets) Treatment: • Limited once animal shows symptoms • Mineral/Vitamin supplements may help Prevention: • Balanced feed rations, properly fertilized crops • Animals have access to direct sunlight

  8. Vitamin Deficiency Diseases • Stiff-Lamb Disease (White Muscle Disease) Causes: • Deficiency or imbalance of vitamin E or selenium Symptoms: • Humped or "roached" back • Stiff, stilted way of moving • Inhalation pneumonia in lambs

  9. Vitamin Deficiency Diseases • Stiff-Lamb Disease (White Muscle Disease) Treatment: • Vitamin E/selenium injections if caught early • Selenium supplements Prevention: • Vitamin E/selenium injections at docking time • Vitamin E/selenium injections at 2-4 weeks of age

  10. Vitamin Deficiency Diseases • Night Blindness (Xerophthalmia) Causes: • Vitamin A intake is too low Symptoms: • Faulty night vision • Rough hair coat • Severe scours • Stunted growth

  11. Vitamin Deficiency Diseases • Night Blindness (Xerophthalmia) Treatment: • Add vitamin A to diet or give vitamin A injections Prevention: • Provide good sources of vitamin A • Green pasture, yellow corn, fresh cured alfalfa

  12. Mineral Deficiency Diseases • Milk Fever Causes: • Low blood calcium concentration Symptoms: • Loss of appetite, constipation soon after calving • Nervousness, loss of consciousness • Head turned/twisted toward shoulder http://faculty.ksu.edu.sa/14437/Pictures%20Library/Milk%20fever%20-%20حمى%20اللبن.bmp

  13. Mineral Deficiency Diseases • Milk Fever Treatment: • Administering calcium salts intravenously Prevention: • Diet with proper phosphorus: calcium (ratio) • Lower dietary calcium 2 weeks before calving • High Vitamin D ration 5 days before calving http://cnx.org/content/m18765/1.1/graphics1.jpg

  14. Mineral Deficiency Diseases Milk Fever Video Click HERE if video does not play

  15. Mineral Deficiency Diseases • Anemia Causes: • Iron or copper deficiency, parasites Symptoms: • Loss of appetite, emaciation in suckling young • Rough hair coat, pale membranes • Swelling in head and shoulders

  16. Mineral Deficiency Diseases • Anemia Treatment: • Iron injections Prevention: • Providing balanced feeds to young • Iron Dextran solution injection (piglets)

  17. Mineral Deficiency Diseases • Goiter Causes: • Failure to obtain enough iodine from thyroid gland Symptoms: • Thyroid gland swells, “big neck” • Reproductive failures • Hairless piglets, weak foals

  18. Mineral Deficiency Diseases • Goiter Treatment: • Not effective once symptoms appear Prevention: • Feeding iodized salts • Rare disease http://farm1.static.flickr.com/217/477506325_201d03135e.jpg

  19. Toxicity Diseases • Selenium Poisoning Causes: • Plants grown on soil with high selenium Symptoms: • Loss of tail hair (cattle) • Loss of body hair (swine) • Loss of mane & tail, hooves slough off (horses)

  20. Toxicity Diseases • Selenium Poisoning Treatment: • Not practical in advanced cases Prevention: • Pasture rotation

  21. Toxicity Diseases • Urinary Calculi Causes: • High intake of potassium • High calcium: low phosphorus (ratio) • High Silica content Symptoms: • Frequent attempts to urinate, pain, renal colic • Usually seen only in males http://www.danekeclublambs.com/files/urinary_calculi_1.jpg

  22. Toxicity Diseases • Urinary Calculi Treatment: • Limited success, for valuable animals only • Ammonium chloride and salt added to diet, remove alfalfa • Surgical removal– may leave males sterile Prevention: • Avoid high phosphorus or high calcium diets • Delayed castration http://img.tfd.com/vet/thumbs/gr403.jpg

  23. Toxicity Diseases • Nitrate Poisoning Causes: • Feed high in nitrates • Sudan grass, oat hay, corn stalks, barley forage • Stressed plants, surface runoff Symptoms: • Accelerated pulse and respiration • Diarrhea, frequent urination, blue mucous membranes http://beefmagazine.com/site-files/beefmagazine.com/files/imagecache/medium_img/uploads/2012/11/cornstalks.jpg

  24. Toxicity Diseases • Nitrate Poisoning Treatments: • Intravenous solution of methylene blue or sodium sulfate Prevention: • Feeding high levels of grains and molasses • Feeding ensiled forages high in nitrates (during ensiling nitrates turn to gas) http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2302/2289588918_a5210ff1bc.jpg

  25. Check for Understanding What are 3 of the 5 main causes of nutritional diseases?

  26. Related Careers • Animal Nutrition is important in the following careers: • Animal dietician, animal nutritionist • Veterinarian, veterinary technician • Livestock producer http://work.chron.com/animal-nutrition-careers-2126.html

  27. Related SAE Projects • Raising or Breeding: • Beef • Dairy • Horses • Swine • Sheep • Goats http://www2.dupont.com/animal-nutrition-disease-prevention/en-us/sites/default/files/AnimalNutrition%20PCG%20Hero2_1100x290.jpg

  28. Check for Understanding Why is understanding how to properly feed an animal important in preventing nutritional diseases in livestock?

  29. References • All images with no citation beneath them are from the Animal Science Image Gallery: http://anscigallery.nal.usda.gov/index.php • CLF3156: http://calaged.csuchico.edu/resourcefiles/curriculum/advcluster/3156.txt

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