词义的引申

1. 1. There is more to their life than political and social and economic problems; more than transient everydayness. • 对于他们来说，生活远不止政治、社会、经济问题，远非一时的柴米油盐问题。 • 2. Blood spilled on both sides. • 双方各有伤亡。 • 3. At the age of 9, she had already learned what it was to an orphan. • 9岁的时候，她就已经品尝到了孤儿的滋味。 • 4. You won’t get to first base, if you don’t dress neatly when you look for a job. • 当你找工作时，如果衣冠不整，你将无法取得成功的开端。 • 5. Over the past 20 years, Sino-US bilateral trade has registered an annual growth of over 18 percent. • 过去20年，中美双边贸易年均增长率达到18%以上。

2. 词义的引申 • This maybe either from the specific to the general or from the concrete to the abstract, and vice versa • Bottleneck 瓶颈-堵塞（from the concrete to the abstract) • Brain drain 脑排干-人才流失（from the concrete to the abstract) • It is more than transient everydayness.

3. 翻 译 英汉翻译中词义的引申 引申的必要性 逻辑引申—几种情况 具体 抽象 抽象 具体 弦外之音

4. 翻 译 逻辑引申 It is all very well, again, to have a tiger in the tank, but to have one in the driver's seat is another matter altogether. 当然油箱里装满优质汽油倒是好事，但是驾驶室里要是坐着横冲直撞的司机就完全是另一回事了。

5. 翻 译 具体---抽象 Every life has its roses and thorns. 生活有甜有苦。 The director’s eyes and ears are running to everything the actor does. 导演的注意力完全放在了演员的一举一动上。 She sailed into the room. 她仪态万方地走进屋子。

6. Since then, the relations between our two nations have blossomed and have been considerably enforced. • 从那以后，我们两国之间的关系蓬勃发展，也切实得到了加强。

7. 抽象---具体 • Many families are conscious of absences. • 很多家庭都意识到家里少了人。 • Carter refused any comment on developments in China, saying only “we have watched the situation with great interest.” • 卡特拒绝对在中国所发生的事情进行任何评论， 只是说：“我们以极大的兴趣密切地关注形势”。

8. 翻 译 补译弦外之音 The new father wore a proud smile. wore 正说反译 刚做了父亲的那个人带着得意的笑容。 with the intention He started to his feet with the intention of awaking the sleepers, for there was no time to lose. no time to lose. 他倏地一下站起来，打算把睡觉的人都叫醒，因为时间十分紧迫，必须马上赶路。 Cleverer heads than mine might have seen his drift. 比我聪明的人，才弄得懂它葫芦里卖的是什么药。‘

9. 翻 译 She had a heart so large that everybody’s grief and joys found welcome in it. He had lived all his life in desert where every cupful of water might be a matter of life and death. 她的心胸开阔，无论谁的悲伤与欢乐都容纳得下。 他一直在沙漠上生活，这地方每一杯水都得精打细算地用；一杯水可能是生死攸关的事。

10. 翻 译 7.3 修辞引申——增加修辞色彩

11. 翻 译 He wouldn't tell them, but kept them in suspense all day. Every time I come back from a business trip it makes a new man of me He has known praise and hatred, and has gone from cheers to jeers. 他不告诉他们，而是使他们终日牵肠挂肚。 我每到外面跑一趟生意回来，就会让我耳目一新、精神一爽。 他尝过荣辱的滋味，过去受人欢呼，现在却被人讥讽。

12. 翻 译 Homework 1. A number of activities will still have to occurbefore the goods reach the consumer. 2.The administration was free from corruption. 3. We waited in suspense to hear the end of the ghost story. 4. It’s hard to begin any serious adult project because you know the kids are going to interrupt you in a few minutes—you can’t even count on nap time to read a book. 5. Capital punishment is more humane because the criminal does not suffer the torture of life imprisonment.

13. 翻 译 5. Capital punishment is more humane because the criminal does not suffer the torture of life imprisonment.

14. 翻 译 It is not only Japan that has experienced the shock of the news.

15. Black Friday——不幸的礼拜五，即有任何灾难发生的礼拜五；复活节前之礼拜五（神职人员于此日着黑装）。

16. Definition: The day after Thanksgiving in the United States, is frequently referred to as Black Friday. General Use: One of the major U.S. holiday shopping days. The day many U.S. consumers begin Christmas shopping. The day is heavily promoted by retailers. Origin: The origin of Black Friday comes from the shift to profitability during the holiday season. Black Friday was when retailers went from being unprofitable, or "in the red," to being profitable, or "in the black", at a time when accounting records were kept by hand and red indicated loss and black profit.

17. Affirmative vs. Negative • A: Are you not going tomorrow? • B: No, I’m not going. • I don’t think he is right/ will come/. 是的，

18. Generally speaking, Chinese negative words and expressions are as follows: • 不 • 没有 • 不要 • 严禁 • 别 • 不必，不用，不可 • 无 • 非、勿、莫、未

19. Generally speaking, English negative words and expressions are as follows: • Full negatives: no, not, none, never, nothing, nobody, nowhere, neither, nor; • Semi negatives: hardly, scarcely, seldom, barely, few, little, etc; • Partial negatives: not every, not all, not both, not much, not many, not always, etc; • Words with negative implication: fail, without,beyond, until, unless, lest, ignorant, refrain, refuse, neglect, absence, instead of, other than , expect, rather than, etc.

20. 1 Affirmative in English, but Negative in Chinese 1. Such a chance was denied to me. 2. I have read your article, I expected to meet an older man 3. It was beyond his power to sign such a contract. 4. The guerrillas would fight to death before they surrender. 5. I am at my wit’s end to keep this child quiet.

21. 我没有得到这样一个机会。 • 拜读了你的大作，没想到你这么年轻。 • 他无权签订这种合同。 • 游击队员们宁愿战斗到死也决不投降。 • 我实在是没有办法让这孩子安静下来。

22. 2. Negative in English, but Affirmative in Chinese He carelessly glanced through the note and then lefe. Don’t lose time in posting this letter. He manifested a strong dislike for his father’s business. 他马马虎虎地看了那张便条就走了。 赶快把这封信寄出去。 他对他父亲的行业表示强烈的厌恶情绪。

23. 3. Double Negative for Emphasis • There is no rule that has no exception. • It never rains but it pours. • I am not reluctant to accept your proposal. • Its significance and importance can never be overemphasized. 任何规则都有例外。 不雨则已，雨必倾盆。 他的意义和重要性，不管怎样强调，也不算过分。

24. This is an indirect way of expressing a strong affirmative, and when translated into Chinese, the emotion of the orginal should be properly kept. 4. Rounderabout Affirmative He didn’t half like the girl. I couldn’t feel better. I couldn’t agree with you more. If that isn’t what I want! He can’t see you quick enough. 他非常喜欢那姑娘 我觉得身体好极了。 我太赞成你的看法了！ 我所要的就是这个啊！ 他很想尽快和你见面。

25. 5. 短语否定 • 由介词短语构成的否定： • 由形容词短语构成的否定， • the last + 名词 + 定语从句 • be all Greek to…, be all thumbs, leave much to be desired(不好）… , damn all…等固定搭配

26. 由介词短语构成的否定： • out of humor , out of place , out of question , argue…out of… , talk… out of • His statement was entirely out of place on such an occasion. • 在这样的场合中，他那样说是不恰当的。

27. 由形容词短语构成的否定 blind to…; free from…; ignorant of…; absent from…; far from…; dead to… 等。如： • Mr. Williams Robert was blind to his son’s faults. • 威廉斯罗伯特先生看不到自己儿子的过失。 • Life is far from being abed of roses • 生活远非尽乐事。

28. the last + 名词 + 定语从句 • Suits was the last thing he would like to wear. • 那时他最不愿意穿的就是西装。 • Our mayor is the last man to accept a bribe. • 市长先生决不是那种收受贿赂之人。

29. 固定搭配 • He is the most ungenerous I know, you will get damn all out of him. • 我从未见过他那样的人，对人真是一毛不拔。 • Biology is all Greek to me. • 我对生物学一点也不懂。 • I’m all thumbs as far as drawing is concerned. • 谈到绘画，我可是一窍不通。

30. In that city, we had never suffered discrimination because we were Jews. • The engine didn’t stop because the fuel was finished. • The importance of this conference cannot be overestimated. • You cannot be too careful in proofreading. • All that glitters is not gold. • But you see, we both cannot go. • It is a good workman that never blunders. • As the saying goes, “Men only weep when deeply hurt.”