Pathogens

1. Things that make us sick Pathogens

2. Chapter 21 Protist Pathogens

3. What is a Protist? • Eukaryotes • Anything that can’t be classified as a plant, animal, or fungi • Unicellular and multicellular • 200,000 species • Classified by what they are most closely related to

4. Animal-like Protists • Zooflagellates: Move by using flagella • Sarcodines: Move by pseudopods (false feet/temporary projections of cytoplasm)

5. Animal-like Protists • Ciliates: Move by cilia (short hairlike projections) • Sporozoans: can’t move on their own

6. Plant-like Protists • Contain chlorophyll or accessory pigments • Carry out photosynthesis • Able to move • 4 Phyla of Unicellular Algae

7. Plant-like Protist Phylums • Euglenophytes: 2 flagella, no cell wall • Dinoflagellates: Cellulose cell wall

8. Plant-like Protist Phylums • Chrysophytes: bright yellow pigments • Diatoms (bacillariophyta): silica (glass) in cell walls

9. Funguslike Protists • Heterotrophic • Decomposers • Have Centrioles • Lack Chitin Cell walls

10. Types of Fungus-like Protists • Slime Molds: land • Water Molds:Aquatic

11. Malaria • Plasmodium falciparum • Transferred to humans by mosquito bites • Occurs mostly in tropical areas • The protist attacks red blood cells and destroys them • Fever, achy, tired, anemia, jaundice,coma, death • Vaccinationsavailable

12. Amoebic Dysentery • amoeba called Entamoebahistolytica • Passed through unsanitary food or water • Stomach cramps, diaherria, bloody stools, fever, weight loss • Boil water and only eat peeled fruits • Reason you “Don’t Drink the Water in Mexico”

13. Leishmaniasis • Leishmaniasisprotozoan • Transferred by sand flies • Prevalent in the Middle East, Africa, and Mexico • Skin sores, fever, weight loss, enlargement of the spleen and liver, and anemia • No vaccination available

14. Toxoplasmosis • Toxoplasmagondii • Transferred by unsanitary food and water and cat feces • Usually not symptomatic; elderly, young, and pregnant will develop symptoms that could be fatal • Wear gloves when cleaning kitty liter

15. Giardiasis • Giardiaintestinalis • most common causes of waterborne disease in the USA • diarrhea, stomach cramps, and upset stomach • Prevalent in hikers and backpackers who don’t sanitize their water correctly (iodine, filter, boiling)

16. Chapter 21 Fungi Pathogens

17. What is a fungus? • Eukaryotic Heterotrophs • Chitin (hard carbohydrate) in cell wall • Over 100,000 species

18. Groups of Fungus • Common Molds:fuzzy bread mold • Sac Fungi:cup shaped, yeast

19. Groups of Fungus • Club Fungi: have a large fruiting body called a mushroom • Imperfect Fungi: they don’t belong in any other category

20. Athlete’s Foot • tineapedis • shoes create a warm, dark, and humid environment which encourages fungus growth • drying skin, itching scaling, inflammation, and blisters • Treatment = fungal creams • Prevention = keep feet dry

21. Ringworm • Tineacorporis • Symptoms: Circular, itching skin rash -- red, raised, scaly patches that may blister and ooze • Highly contagious from other people and animals • Treatment = fungal creams and pills

22. Oral Thrush • yeast fungus: Candida albicans • Occurs in 50% of the population w/o symptoms • Symptoms occur with a change in mouth chemistry • Symptoms: White, cream colored, or yellow spots • Antifungal drugs and hydrogen peroxide rinses

23. Sporotrichosis • Sporothrix schenckii • Spreads through contact with thorny plants, sphagnum moss, or baled hay • Symptoms: bumps and lesions similar to insect bites • Treatment = anti-fungal drugs • Prevention = wear gloves when gardening

24. Ch. Worm Pathogens

25. Chapter 27.1 Flatworms

26. Types of Flatworms • Turbellaria • free-living, marine or fresh water,live on the bottom (sand, rocks, shells) • Flukes • parasitic (external or internal) • Tapeworms • long and flat • infect digestive tract

27. Tapeworms • TaeniasaginataandTaeniasolium • Acquire eggs through raw or uncooked beef • Eggs grow into long, flat worms that live in the intestine and feed off of your food • Symptoms: extreme weight loss, stomach pains, diarrhea

28. Blood Flukes • Schistosoma • Eggs spread by drinking unsanitary water and skin contact • Eggs grow into blood flukes, that feed off of blood cells • Symptoms: rash, stunted grow, anemia

29. Asian Liver Flukes • Opisthorchisviverrini • Eggs spread through uncooked fish • Flukes infect the pancreas, bile ducts, liver, and gall bladder • Symptoms: swelling of the abdomen, stomach pains, diarrhea, cancer?

30. Swimmer’s Itch • schistosomecercarial • Spreads by infected snails and birds • Common in most Michigan inland lakes • Symptoms: itchy red spots • Prevention: rinse off with clean water after swimming

31. Roundworms

32. Human Diseases • Filarial Worms • found mostly in tropical areas • threadlike and live in blood vessels • transmitted by mosquitoes • block blood and lymph passages • causes elephantiasis (enormous swelling)

33. Human Diseases • Ascarid Worms • unsanitary water conditions in humans • fill digestive system, lungs, heart, and throat • reproduces inside host • can kill if undetected • heart worm in dogs transferred by mosquitoes

34. Human Diseases • Hookworms • 1/4 of world population infected • hatch and grow outside of host and live in soil • attach and infect bare feet • travel through blood stream and intestines • cause weakness and poor growth

35. Guinea Worm • Caused by the roundworm Dracunculiasis. • Get from Unsanitary water. • Grow up to 5 feet long in the body. • Exit through skin and release eggs when in contact with water. • Symptoms- nothing for first year, then blisters, nausea, swelling, diarrhea, rash, itchiness, dizziness. • Exit through lower limbs in lesions. • No treatment, but can remove with sticks around worm