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TLEP Beam Polarization and Energy Calibration

TLEP Beam Polarization and Energy Calibration. Keil. Jowett. Wenninger. Buon. Wienands. Placidi. Assmann. Koutchouk. and many others !. IPAC’13 Shanghai. http://arxiv.org/abs/1305.6498 . . Z. WW. ZH. tt. CONSISTENT SET OF PARAMETERS FOR TLEP

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TLEP Beam Polarization and Energy Calibration

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  1. TLEP BeamPolarization and Energy Calibration Keil Jowett Wenninger Buon Wienands Placidi Assmann Koutchouk and manyothers!

  2. IPAC’13 Shanghai http://arxiv.org/abs/1305.6498. Z WW ZH tt CONSISTENT SET OF PARAMETERS FOR TLEP TAKING INTO ACCOUNT BEAMSTRAHLUNG Upgrades are beingconsidered – charge compensation and/or fasterfill-up time

  3. A possible TLEP running programme 1. ZH threshold scan and 240 GeV running (200 GeV to 250 GeV) 5+ years@2 10^35 /cm2/s => 210^6 ZH events ++ returnsat Z peakwith TLEP-H configuration for detector and beamenergy calibration 2. Top threshold scan and (350) GeV running 5+ years@2 10^35 /cm2/s  10^6 ttbar pairs ++Zpeak 3. Z peak scan and peak running , TLEP-Z configuration  10^12 Z decays  transverse polarization of ‘single’ bunches for preciseE_beam calibration 2 years 4. WW threshold scan for W mass measurement and W pair studies 1-2 years 10^8 W pairs ++Zpeak 5. Polarizedbeams (spin rotators) at Z peak1 yearat BBTS=0.01/IP => 1011 Z decays. Higgsboson HZ studies + WW, ZZ etc.. Top quark mass HvvHiggs boson studies Mz, Z Rb etc… Precision tests and rare decays MW, and W properties etc… ALR, AFBpoletc

  4. ... and no e+ polarimeter! shouldrevisit the uncertainty and the method to understand how muchbetter wecan do. Also how practicalisit to co-exist ‘polarized single bunches’ with ‘top-off injection’

  5. To depolarizewe must polarize and thatis the hard part.

  6. Polarization basics Polarizationbuilds up by Sokolov Ternoveffect (magnetic moment aligns on magneticfield by emission of Synchrotron radiation) se+ -- spin of e+ and e- are transverse and opposite -- polarizationgrowthis slow B  se- =0.924 f0 = revolutionfrequency = c/C I3 = 2/2 C : Circumference  : bending radius in otherwords, the polarization time scales as C3/E5 atgivenenergypolarization time is ~27 times longer at TLEP than LEP ~ 150 hoursat the Z peak (45.5 GeV)

  7. Its all about depolarizingeffects depolarizationoccursbecause the B fieldis not uniformlyperpendicular to the storage ring plane. Transverse components ‘trip’ the spin by an amount spin =  trajectory = 103.5 at the Z pole thisis a problembecause 1. the equilibrum spin is not the same for differentenergies in the beam 2. the equilibriumis not the sameacross the beam phase space  spread of equilibrium direction and excitation of spin resonances.

  8.  is the spin-orbitcoupling i.e. the variation of the equilibrium spin direction upon a change of energyby SR in a magnet. The averagecanbeexpressed as a sum over the magnets. with The polarization time isreduced in the sameway as the asymptoticpolarization P=92.4% and  = 150hrs then for =9 P = 9.2% and  = 15hrs.

  9. Whatwe know from LEP on depolarizingeffects http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1384062 AIP Conf. Proc. 570, 169 (2001) Spin 2000 conf, Osaka

  10. canbeimproved by increasing the sum of |B|3 (Wigglers) canbeimproved by ‘spin matching’ the sources of depolarizationcanbeseparatedintoharmonics (the integerresonances) and/or into the components of motion: receipes: -- reduce the emittances and vertical dispersion   thiswillbedoneat TLEP to reducebeam size! -- reduce the vertical spin motion n harmonic spin matching -- do not increase the energyspread

  11. examples of harmonic spin matching (I) DeterministicHarmonic spin matching : measureorbit, decompose in harmonics, cancel components near to spin tune.  NO FIDDLING AROUND. This workedverywellat LEP-Z and shouldworkevenbetterat TLEP-Z if orbitismeasuredbetter.

  12. examples of harmonic spin matching (II) When all elsefails,empirical spin matching: excite harmonics one by one to measuredirectlytheireffect on polarization and fit for pole in 4-D space. Here 8% polarizationat 61 GeV.

  13. The energyspreadreallyenhancesdepolarization

  14. effect of energyspread on Polarization in a given machine wasstudiedusing the dampingwigglers

  15. E  Eb2 /  The good news isthatpolarization in LEP at 61 GeV corresponds to polarization in TLEP at 81 GeV  Good news for MWmeasurement

  16. LEP R. Assmann loss of polarization due to growing energy spread thisisconfirmed by higherorder simulations TLEP U Wienands, April 2013 r = 9000 m, C = 80 km lower energy spread, high polarization up to W threshold

  17. Use of polarizationwigglersat TLEP

  18. FOREWORD How the sausagewas made... In order to evaluate the effect of wigglers and top-up injection on TLEP polarization performance, I have generatedtwospreadsheets 1. the first one calculates the energypread and polarization time in TLEP assuming a bending radius of 10km for a circumference of 80km, and the presence of the 12 polarizationwigglersthatwerebuilt for LEP as calculated in LEP note 606 (Blondel/Jowett) 2. the second one folds the achivedpolarization performance with top up injection, given the luminosity life time and the regular injection of unpolarizedparticles. The variable parameters are -- B+ : field in the positive pole of the wigglers -- beamenergy -- luminositylifetime -- and of course Jx but I have refrained to playwithit. (one wouldwantit as small as possible)

  19. Energyspread (Jx=1) LEPTLEP beamenergy sigma(E) tau_P sigma(E) tau_P 45 GeV no wiggs 32 MeV 5.5 hrs 18 MeV 167 hrs 45 GeVwigglers 46 MeV 2.4 hrs 58 MeV 12 hrs 55 GeV no wiggs 48 MeV 1.96 hrs 26 MeV 61 hrs 61 GeV no wiggs 59 MeV 1.1 hrs 33 MeV 36 hrs 81 GeV 58 MeV 8.9 hr   annoyingly: withwigglersat TLEP, the energyspreadislargerthanat LEP, for a givenpolarization time. considersomewherebetween 48 and 58 MeV as maximum acceptable for energyspread*). Take 52 MeV for the sake of discussion. Note thatwigglersmakeenergyspreadworsefasterat TLEP (dampingisless)  There is no need for wigglersat 81 GeV. *) The absolute value of energyspread corresponds to an absolute value of spin-tune spread

  20. Hypothetical scenario Insert in TLEP the 12 Polarizationwigglersthathad been built for LEP (B-=B+/6.25) Use formulaegiven in TLEP note 606 to determine as a function of B+ excitation 1. the energypreadE 2. the polarization time P then set an uppperlimit on energyspread... and seewhatpolarization time weget for 10% polarization the time isP eff=0.1 P for 52 MeV energyspreadat TLEP Z wegetP = 15hrs or P eff=90 minutes -- lose 90 minutes of running , thencandepolarize one bunchevery 10 minutes if we have 9 ‘single bunches’ per beam. (willkeep a few more to be sure) Changing the wigglers (e.g. more, weaker) makeslittledifference B- B+ • B-

  21. Jowett: were not easy to use (orbitdistortions) and shouldprobablybebetterdesigned

  22. E(GeV) hrs BWiggler(T)

  23. Synchroton radiation power in the wigglers Synchrotron radiation power by particles of a givenenergy in a magnet of a givenlength scales as the square of the magneticfield. The energylossper passage through a polarizationwigglerwascalculated in LEP note 606 (seenext page). It is 3.22 MeV per wiggler or 38.6 MeV for the 12 wigglers. At LEP the energyloss per particle per turnis 117 MeV/turn in the machine with no wiglers and becomes 156 MeV per turnwith the 12 wigglersat full field. Fromthisitfollowsthat in the machine running at 45 GeV and wigglersat full field the radiation power in the wigglerswould have been 25% of the total power dissipatedaround LEP. In TLEP now, the energyloss per turn in the ring is 36.3 MeV while, in the wigglersat 0.64T, the energyloss in the wigglersisapprox. a quarter of the above or 9.4 MeV. The fraction of energylost in the wigglersisthen 9.4/(36.3+9.4) or 21%. For a total SR power of 100MW, 21 MW will go in the wigglers.

  24. ENERGY LOSS PER PARTICLE PER WIGGLER 3.22MeV at 45 GeV

  25. TOTAL ENERGY LOSS PER TURN PER PARTICLE WITH 12 WIGGLERS

  26. Preliminary conclusions: 1.  the wigglersincreaseenergyspread in TLEP fasterthan in LEP 2.  a workable point canbefound for the ‘energy calibration mode’ at the Z pole or W threshold, assuming no better performance than in LEP for depolarizingeffects. 3.  thingsshouldgetbetterwithlower emittance and lower vertical dispersion. 4. !!!Averycareful design of the SR absorbersisrequired, as the SR power in the wigglersisvery large (20% of the total in the ring) !!! 5. reducing the luminosity for polarizationrunscanbeenvisaged, since the statisticalprecision on mZ and Z isverysmall (<10 keV) and probably smallerthansystematics.

  27. A Sample of Essential Quantities:

  28. Longitudinal polarizationoperation: Can weoperateroutinelywith longitudinal polarization in collisions? Polarization in collisions wasobserved in LEP the following must besatisfied (in addition to spin rotators): 0. we have to takeintoaccount the top-off injection of non-polarizedparticles 1. randomdepolarization must bereducedwrt LEP by a factor 10 to go from 10% to 55% P with life time of 15hrs=900 minutes (i.ewithwigglers ON as before) This isbeyondwhatwasachievedat LEP but thereishopethatitcanbedonewith improvedopticsatTLEP, givenbetter dispersion corrections ( simulation job to do) 2. luminositylifetime must bereduced to 900 minutes as well. This meansreducing luminosity by a factor 10 down to 6 10^34/cm2/s/IP , or increase the number of bunches (NB luminositylifetimeis sensitive to the momentumacceptance of the machine  check!) 3. then the top up willreducepolarizationfurther, to reach an equilibrium value of 44% 4. the effective polarization over a 12 hours stable runisthen 39%

  29. PAC 1995 LEP: This wasonlytried 3 times! Best result: P = 40% , *y= 0.04 , one IP TLEP Assuming 4 IP and *y= 0.01  reduceluminositiysomewhat, 1011 Z @ P=40%

  30. AB, U. Wienans)

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