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U.S. Perspective on Market-Rate Zero Energy New Homes

U.S. Perspective on Market-Rate Zero Energy New Homes. Net Zero Energy Homes Forum Toronto, January 19, 2005 ~ Duncan Callaway Davis Energy Group. U.S. Federal ZEH Program. Launched in 2001 by NREL and DOE

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U.S. Perspective on Market-Rate Zero Energy New Homes

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  1. U.S. Perspective on Market-Rate Zero Energy New Homes Net Zero Energy Homes Forum Toronto, January 19, 2005 ~ Duncan Callaway Davis Energy Group

  2. U.S. Federal ZEH Program • Launched in 2001 by NREL and DOE • Goal: Combine energy efficiency and renewable generation to build marketable homes that approach zero energy on a net annual basis

  3. Clarum Homes: Vista Montaña 257 Homes, All ZEH Mix: SF Attached & Detached Affordable, Entry, Move-Up Over 60% sold before grand opening No marketing used, only press from ZEH Pardee Homes: Soleil 100 homes 10% ZEH Standard 30% PV Standard ZEH Option

  4. Morrison Homes: Lakeside 10% of homes ZEH, Also available as option Excellent press, traffic $18,000 premium, selling all ZEH lots • Premier Homes: Premier Gardens • 94 homes, all ZEH • Some entry-level homes • Excellent press and traffic • 350 people on waiting list

  5. Centex Homes Zero Energy Case Study • Approach • First study the market to determine buyer attitudes toward energy efficiency • Design and construct a pilot ZEH • Develop a refined design with optimized economics • Revise the design with builder input • Build, test, and market

  6. Sequential Analysis Results

  7. Measures Adopted • Zero defect wall insulation (CertainTeed Optima®--R13 with 2x4 framing) • High performance windows • Tight construction • Insulated headers • Tightly sealed ducts • R49 attic insulation • Buried ducts (~R14) • Tankless water heater • Fluorescent lighting • Ventilation Cooling (NightBreeze) • 12 SEER A/C & variable speed furnace • 2.4 kW building-integrated PV

  8. Key Elements--California ZEH • Well designed efficiency package • State or Utility buy-down of PV • Utility net metering • Utility time-of-use rate • Building integrated PV (more development needed) • Better to sell as standard, not option

  9. California PV Market • Electricity prices: • $0.11 to $0.13/kWh flat rate • over $0.30/kWh on peak with TOU pricing • net metering in effect • California PV buy-down: • Now $2.80 per watt, limited pot • Drops ~ $.20 per watt every 6 months • “Million Solar Homes” program supported by governor • failed in August, but it will be back... • 7.5% California renewables tax credit • Nothing for solar thermal

  10. California Energy Commission ZEH • The CEC $10M RFP for ZEH development • Near term goals: • 70% reduction in electricity bills • $5,000 incremental cost to homeowner • 1 kW peak demand • Long term goals: • 100% reduction in energy bills • no incremental cost to homeowner • zero peak demand • No provisions for space heating

  11. Bringing First Costs Down • Equipment cost reduction: • increased volume, economies of scale • new, lower cost technologies • improved installation methods (BIPV) • Builder reduces costs: • free advertising • due to improved supply chain • through simplified entitlement process

  12. Bringing First Costs Down • Utility finances PV system: • Loan all or a portion of system cost to homeowner • Recoup costs in new section of energy bill • if net metering is in effect, loan amount could be larger without increasing energy bill vs. conventional system • loan could be paid with renewable energy credits (RECs) or carbon credits. • DEG utility partners are interested

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