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April 21, 2008

Small Off-Road Engines and Large Spark-Ignition Engines with Displacement Less Than or Equal to One Liter Workshop. April 21, 2008. Outline. Background: small off-road engines (SORE) Proposed changes for SORE

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April 21, 2008

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  1. Small Off-Road Engines and Large Spark-Ignition Engines with Displacement Less Than or Equal to One Liter Workshop April 21, 2008

  2. Outline • Background: small off-road engines (SORE) • Proposed changes for SORE • Background: large spark-ignition engines with displacement less than or equal to one liter (LSI ≤ 1 L) • Proposed changes for LSI ≤ 1 L • Contact Information

  3. Background: SORE Credits • Production emission credits established in 1998 to provide flexibility during transitional period of emission standard changes • U.S. EPA considered use of production emission credits at the time, but ultimately did not adopt

  4. Background: SORE Credits Comments From First Workshop and Subsequent Meetings • Retain Production Credits • Do not discount credit value • Do not limit credit life • Do not tie credit life to warranty period

  5. Proposed Changes: SORE Credits • Elimination of Production Credits • Accrual of Production Credits cease in year 2009 • Existing Production Credits may be used until year 2012 at full value • Retention of Certification Credits • Limit lifetime to 5 years at full value

  6. Proposed Changes: SORE Credit Option • Obtain Certification Credits for advanced electric equipment • Battery retains enough charge • To power equipment at commercial equipment level • For the time equivalent to an average full tank of fuel • For 300/500/1000 hours depending on “engine displacement”

  7. Proposed Changes: SORE Emission Durability Period • Limit durability period to five years or current number of hours, whichever comes first • Unchanged from previous proposal

  8. Background: LSI ≤ 1 L • May 2006, Board approved more stringent emission standards for LSI > 1 L • LSI ≤ 1 L not addressed at that time • November 2007 workshop, staff proposed alignment with U.S. EPA • Further review showed additional reductions needed • The LSI ≤ 1 L equipment is approaching 50% of total projected sales

  9. Engine Displacement Trends • More than 70% of 2008 certified LSI ≤ 1 L engine families have engines > 950 cc • The number of engine families offered with displacements between 1.0 L and 1.6 L has declined to zero • The relatively larger displacement and power ratings indicate a migration from the more stringent category to the less stringent category

  10. HC+NOx Standards

  11. Proposed Changes: LSI ≤ 1 LExhaust Emission Standards

  12. Proposed HC+NOx Standards LSI ≤ 1 L LSI > 1 L

  13. Proposed HC+NOx Standards • 6.5 g/kW-hr (5 g/bhp-hr) HC+NOx standard was originally proposed in the 1998 LSI rulemaking, based on the SwRI test results with a reasonable compliance margin • There are nine 2008 MY certified engine families meeting the 2010 standards (6.5 g/kW-hr of HC+NOx) and two engine families meeting the 2014 standards ( 0.8 g/kW-hr of HC+NOx)

  14. Industry Comments Proposal would require: • Water-cooled engines • Three-way catalysts (TWC)

  15. Water-Cooled Engines • More than 70% of 2007 certified engine families are water-cooled multicylinder engines • 10 out of 12 certified manufacturers (2007 MY) have at least one water-cooled family • Water-cooled engines can be made to be more fuel efficient, to emit less greenhouse gases (CO2), and to be cleaner burning

  16. Three-Way Catalysts • 18% engine families currently certified with a catalyst • 5 out of 12 certified manufacturers (2007 MY) have at least one TWC family • TWC are a proven emissions control technology

  17. Proposed Changes: LSI ≤ 1 LEvaporative Emission Standards • Required to meet LSI > 1 Levaporative emission standards, starting in 2010 • This may require the use of low permeation hoses and fuel tanks • Manufacturers may choose performance-based or design-based standards

  18. Proposed Changes: LSI ≤ 1 LTest Procedures • Required to meet LSI > 1L test procedures, starting in 2010 • Test cycles: Steady-state, transient, and field testing • Constant speed LSI engines need run steady-state test cycle only

  19. Estimated Benefit of the Proposal Statewide Annual Average

  20. Additional Information Requested • Staff is still gathering cost estimates and encourages submission of specific relevant data • Cost differential between air-cooled and water-cooled engines • Cost of catalyst system to meet proposed standards

  21. Contact Information • Board Hearing will be held on September 25-26, 2008 • Please send comments to SORE: Yun Hui Park ypark@arb.ca.gov (626)450-6263 LSI: Hung-Li Chang hchang@arb.ca.gov (626)575-6683

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