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GROWING PAINS FOR A NEW NATION

GROWING PAINS FOR A NEW NATION. Laying the Foundation. The Articles of Confederation – Mar. 1781 WEAK = disjointed states w/no unity; Severe limitations on nat. gov. = ineffective Constitutional Convention – June 1788 ÷ national (fed.) & state power

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GROWING PAINS FOR A NEW NATION

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  1. GROWING PAINS FOR A NEW NATION

  2. Laying the Foundation The Articles of Confederation – Mar. 1781 WEAK = disjointed states w/no unity; Severe limitations on nat. gov. = ineffective Constitutional Convention – June 1788 ÷ national (fed.) & state power Separate fed. power into 3 branches (checks & balances) Not all parties happy with it

  3. Not Quite Happy Federalists = supported Constitution & strong central gov. Antifederalists = opposed Constit. cuz no guarantee fed. gov. would protect peeps or states rights; feared strong central gov. Compromise = Bill of Rights ** = 1ST 10 amendments Constitution ratified - 1789 ** DIDN’T APPLY TO ALL AMERICANS

  4. Early Presidents • 1 = G. Washington (1789) • Used practical decisions to get new fed. gov. working • Shaped Exec. Branch by creating “Cabinet” • Heads of exec. depts. = advise president • Judiciary Act of 1789 • Set up a Supreme Court & fed. & district courts

  5. cont. • 2 = John Adams (1796) • Federalist = strong fed. gov. • Focused on strong econ. in mfg. of North • Alien & Sedition Acts - 1798 • requirements for citizenship • Pres. could deport or jail “undesirables” • Controversy over state vs. fed. gov. power

  6. cont. • 3 = T. Jefferson (1800) • Antifederalist = against large fed. gov.; wanted small fed. gov. w/min. control • Protector of nat. rights & states rights • Focused econ. based on agricult. of South • Shrank size of fed. gov. • Cut costs & taxes • 1st prez. in new capital = Washington, D.C.

  7. T.J.’s America • Judicial Review – est. by S.C. case Marbury vs. Madison • Jud. Branch = uphold & defend the Constit. • S.C. can declare a law unconstitutional • Gave S.C. a purpose • Louisiana Purchase- 1803 • Bargain from France; Paid $15 mil. • Mississippi Riv. To Rocky Mtns. • Doubled size of U.S. • Hired Louis & Clark to explore possibility to get to Pac. Ocean  YES!

  8. Manifest Destiny is Born • Belief that America had a divine obligation to stretch boundaries of their noble republic to Pacific Ocean • Expansion westward seemed perfectly natural • Second Great Awakening (mid 19th c.) added reasoning • Believed God himself blessed the growth of U.S.

  9. James Madison – 4th Prez. (1808) • Co-author Bill of Rights & Anti-federalist • War of 1812 (vs. G.B.) • G.B. attacked Am. merchant ships @ sea; seized products, men & ships • Land battles = G.B. set fire to D.C. • Famous Battle of New Orleans - 1814 • Encouraged growth of North. Mfg. • Outcome = U.S. wins; confirmed as an independ. nation

  10. James Monroe – 5th Prez. (1816) • Expands borders w/treaty w/Spain = gain Florida • Econ. tensions between North & South led to slavery issue • Missouri Compromise – 1821 • Maine a free state; Missouri a slave state • Made boundary line for slavery • North of line = slavery illegal • South of line = slavery legal

  11. Monroe’s Nat. Security • Monroe Doctrine – 1823 • Warned Euro. powers NOT to intervene in West. Hemi. & vice-versa • 1st Foreign Policy • Foundation for ALL U.S. foreign policy

  12. John Quincy Adams – 6th Prez. (1825) • 1st son of a president to be elected prez. • Only prez. to be elected to Congress after serving as Prez. • Established Smithsonian Institute • Regularly swam nude in Potomac River

  13. Andrew Jackson – 7th Prez. (1828) • Army general w/no college degree • Jacksonian Democracy • Expand fed. gov. w/more control • Raised taxes • Spoils System = hire own supporters to work in gov. & cabinet positions

  14. Jackson’s U-Haul • Indian Removal Act – 1830 • Treaties w/Nat. Am. nations; move them West • Many signed; Cherokees refused

  15. “It gives me great pleasure to announce to Congress that the Gov.’s benevolent policy of Indian removal has almost been achieved. . . . We have wept over the fate of the natives of this country, as one by one many tribes have disappeared from the earth . . . The policy of the Gov. towards the red man is generous. The Indian is unwilling to follow the laws of the States and mingle with the population. To save him from utter annihilation, the Gov. kindly offers him a new home, and proposes to pay the whole expense of his removal and settlement for the first year.”

  16. - A.J. forced Cherokees onto “Trail of Tears” – 1838Groups of 1,000 on a 800-mile journeySuffered cold, hunger, disease = ¼ died

  17. Fed. vs. State Power • Nullification Crisis – 1832 • If a state thinks a fed. law or fed. tariff is unconstitutional, it can nullify it = unenforceable in THAT state • States threatened to secede if fed. try to collect tariff • A.J. passed the Forced Bill – 1833 • Fed. gov. will use military if state doesn’t pay tariffs

  18. Political Cartoon Analysis • What does this cartoon suggest about Jackson’s attitude towards the Constitution? • How does this cartoon particularly comment on Jackson’s use of presidential power?

  19. Summarize & Highlight • Recap what you have learned, in your own words, from the prev. slides in 5 – 6 sentences. • Highlight slide titles, key terms, people, causes & effects, events, etc.

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