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Chapter Introduction Lesson 1 What are Protists? Lesson 2 What are Fungi? Chapter Wrap-Up. Chapter Menu. What are protists and fungi, and how do they affect an environment?. Chapter Introduction. What do you think?.

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  1. Chapter Introduction Lesson 1 What are Protists? Lesson 2 What are Fungi? Chapter Wrap-Up Chapter Menu

  2. What are protists and fungi, and how do they affect an environment? Chapter Introduction

  3. What do you think? Before you begin, decide if you agree or disagree with each of these statements. As you view this presentation, see if you change your mind about any of the statements. Chapter Introduction

  4. 1. Protists are grouped together because they all look similar. 2. Some protists cause harm to other organisms. 3. Many protists make their own food. Do you agree or disagree? Chapter Introduction

  5. 4. Mushrooms and yeasts are two types of fungi. 5. Fungi are always helpful to plants. 6. Some fungi can be made into foods or medicines. Do you agree or disagree? Chapter Introduction

  6. What are Protists? • What are the different types of protists and how do they compare? • How are protists beneficial? Lesson 1 Reading Guide

  7. What are Protists? • protist • algae • diatom • protozoan • cilia • paramecium • amoeba • pseudopod Lesson 1 Reading Guide - vocab

  8. What are Protists? • A protistis a member of a group of eukaryotic organisms which have a membrane-bound nucleus. • Protists share characteristics with plants, animals, and fungi but are not classified as any of these groups. Lesson 1

  9. What are Protists? (cont.) • Most protists reproduce asexually, though some reproduce sexually. • Scientists classify protists as plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike based on which group they most resemble. Lesson 1

  10. Lesson 1

  11. What are Protists? (cont.) What are the different types of protists? Lesson 1

  12. Plantlike Protists A type of microscopic plantlike protist with a hard outer wall is a diatom. diatom from Greek diatomos, means “cut in two” Lesson 1

  13. Plantlike Protists (cont.) • Dinoflagellates are unicellular plantlike protists that use flagella to move. • A euglenoid is a unicellular plantlike protist with rigid cell coat called a pellicle and a flagellum at one end of its body. • Algae are a photosynthetic plantlike protist that can be either multicellular or unicellular. Lesson 1

  14. The Importance of Algae Algae provide food for animals and animal-like protists and provide shelter for many aquatic organisms. Images&Stories/Alamy Lesson 1

  15. The Importance of Algae (cont.) • Algae can help remove pollution from the water. • Pollution can be a food source for algae, allowing the population of algae to increase quickly. Lesson 1

  16. The Importance of Algae (cont.) How are algae beneficial to an ecosystem? Lesson 1

  17. Animal-like Protists • Protozoansare protists that resemble tiny animals. • Protozoans do not have chloroplasts or make their own food. • Protozoans are unicellular and mostly live in wet environments. Lesson 1

  18. Animal-like Protists (cont.) • Ciliaare short, hairlike structures that grow on the surface of some protists. • Protists with cilia are called ciliates. • Cilia cover the surface of the cell and move a protist through water. • Ciliates reproduce asexually, but they can exchange some genetic material through a process called conjugation. Lesson 1

  19. Animal-like Protists (cont.) • Aparameciumis a protist with cilia and two types of nuclei. • A paramecium gets its food by forcing water into a groove in its side. Lesson 1

  20. Animal-like Protists (cont.) • A flagellate is a type of protozoan with one or more flagella. • Flagellates eat decaying matter. • Sarcodines are animal-like protists with no specific shape. • An amoebais one common sarcodine with an unusual adaptation for movement and getting nutrients. Lesson 1

  21. Animal-like Protists (cont.) • An amoeba moves and obtains nutrients by using a temporary “foot,” called a pseudopod, which forms as the organism pushes part of its body outward. • Many protozoans are beneficial to an environment because they break down dead plant and animal matter. Lesson 1

  22. Some protozoans can cause disease, like malaria, by acting as parasites. Lesson 1

  23. The Importance of Protozoans In what ways are protists helpful and harmful to humans? Lesson 1

  24. Funguslike Protists • Funguslike protists share many characteristics with fungi. • Slime molds are funguslike protists composed of cell material and nuclei floating in a slimy mass. • Most slime molds absorb nutrients from other organic matter in their environment. Lesson 1

  25. Funguslike Protists (cont.) • A water mold is a funguslike protist that lives as a parasite or feeds on dead organisms. • Slime molds and water molds usually reproduce sexually when environmental conditions are harsh or unfavorable. Lesson 1

  26. Importance of Funguslike Protists • Funguslike protists play a valuable role in the ecosystem by breaking down dead plant and animal matter, making nutrients available for living organisms. • Many funguslike protists attack and consume living plants. Lesson 1

  27. Importance of Funguslike Protists (cont.) How are funguslike protists beneficial to an environment? Lesson 1

  28. Protists are a diverse group of organisms that cannot be classified as plants, animals, or fungi. • Protists are grouped according to the type of organisms they most resemble. Diatoms are one type of plantlike protist. Lesson 1

  29. Some protists use hairlike structures called cilia to move. Lesson 1

  30. What is a type of protozoan with one or more flagella called? A. ciliate B. protozoan C. flagellate D. paramecium Lesson 1

  31. An amoeba is a common form of which type of protist? A. sarcodine B. pseudopod C. flagellate D. protozoan Lesson 1

  32. What is a protist with cilia and two types of nuclei called? A. paramecium B. protozoan C. sarcodine D. pseudopod Lesson 1

  33. 1. Protists are grouped together because they all look similar. 2. Some protists cause harm to other organisms. 3. Many protists make their own food. Do you agree or disagree? Lesson 1

  34. What are Fungi? • What are the different types of fungi and how do they compare? • Why are fungi important? • What are lichens? Lesson 2 Reading Guide

  35. What are Fungi? • hyphae • mycelium • basidium • ascus • zygosporangia • mycorrhizae • lichen Lesson 2 Reading Guide - vocab

  36. What are Fungi? • Fungi are eukaryotes that form long, threadlike structures called hyphaewhich absorb minerals and water. • Fungi are heterotrophs, meaning they cannot make their own food. Lesson 2

  37. Hyphae create a network of large tangles called the mycelium. Lesson 2

  38. Types of Fungi • Scientists group fungi based on how they look and how they reproduce. • Almost all fungi reproduce asexually by producing spores which are small reproductive cells with a strong, protective outer covering. • Scientist recognize four groups of fungi: club fungi, sac fungi, zygote fungi, and imperfect fungi. Lesson 2

  39. Types of Fungi (cont.) What are the four groups of fungi? Lesson 2

  40. Types of Fungi (cont.) Mushrooms belong to the group called club fungi. mushroom Science Use a type of club fungi Common Use the part of a fungus above the ground Lesson 2

  41. Types of Fungi (cont.) • The part of the mushroom that grows above ground is a structure called a basidiocarp. • The basidiaare the reproductive structures inside the basidiocarp that produce sexual spores. Lesson 2

  42. Types of Fungi (cont.) • Many sac fungi cause diseases in plants and animals while others are harvested by people for food. • The ascusis the reproductive structure where spores develop on sac fungi. • Many yeasts are sac fungi, including the common yeast used to make bread. Lesson 2

  43. Types of Fungi (cont.) • Zygote fungus can cause bread to develop mold. • The hyphae of a zygote fungus grow over materials, such as bread, dissolving the material and absorbing nutrients. • Tiny stalks called zygosporangiaform when the fungus undergoes sexual reproduction and release spores called zygospores. Lesson 2

  44. Some fungi can be used to make food, but other fungi can eat the food too. Hutchings Photography/Digital Light Source Hutchings Photography/Digital Light Source Hutchings Photography/Digital Light Source Lesson 2

  45. Types of Fungi (cont.) Imperfect fungi are named because scientists have not observed a sexual, or “perfect,” reproductive stage in their life cycle. Lesson 2

  46. Many fungi and plants grow together, helping each other. • Products such as bread, cheese, and medicines are made using fungi. Lesson 2

  47. The Importance of Fungi (cont.) • The roots of the plants and the hyphae of the fungi weave together to form a structure called mycorrhiza. • As fungi break down decaying matter in the soil, they make nutrients available to the plant and increase water absorption. • Fungi use plant sugars to continue to grow. Lesson 2

  48. The Importance of Fungi (cont.) • Scientists use some fungi to make important medicines like penicillin. • As new species of fungi are discovered and studied, scientists might find new sources of antibiotics and medicines. Lesson 2

  49. The Importance of Fungi (cont.) Describe two ways that fungi are important to humans. Lesson 2

  50. What are Lichens? (cont.) • A lichenis a structure formed when fungi and certain other photosynthetic organisms grow together. • Usually, a lichen consists of a sac fungus or club fungus that lives in a partnership with either a green alga or a photosynthetic bacterium. Lesson 2

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