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Enlightened Absolutists /Enlightened Despots Case study: Catherine II (the Great)

Enlightened Absolutists /Enlightened Despots Case study: Catherine II (the Great) of Russia (r. 1762-96). Catherine the Great: German Princess Sophie 1745 Married to Peter Romanov 1762 Peter becomes tsar Peter III, but deposed. Catherine installed as empress.

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Enlightened Absolutists /Enlightened Despots Case study: Catherine II (the Great)

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  1. Enlightened Absolutists/Enlightened Despots Case study: Catherine II (the Great) of Russia (r. 1762-96)

  2. Catherine the Great: German Princess Sophie 1745 Married to Peter Romanov 1762 Peter becomes tsarPeter III, but deposed. Catherine installedas empress. Peter III killed soon after

  3. Religion: Not generally claiming divine right to rule, but rather that using reason for benefit of subjects Tolerance

  4. Catherine the Great: Extending tolerance to Old Believers 1772 Takes control of part of Poland. Treats Jews fairly 1794 Imposes double taxation on Jews

  5. Justice: CesareBonesana, Marquis of Beccaria (1738-94) Rights of the accused: innocent until proven guilty Opposing torture and capital punishment

  6. Catherine the Great: 1767 Catherine summons Legislative Commission Regulating legal practices Restricting torture. Disapproving of capital punishment

  7. Education: Education as source of civil servants Establishing ministries of education and/or schools

  8. Catherine the Great: French as language of Russian aristocracy Corresponding with Voltaire, hosting Diderot Philosophesas press agents for Russia Domestic promotion of education/publication

  9. Serfdom: Attempts to eliminate serfdom or improve conditions of peasantry Benefits regarding taxation or military service

  10. Catherine the Great: Initial dislike of serfdom 1773 Outbreak of Pugachev’sRebellion EmelianPugachev 1774 Defeat of Pugachev’sRebellion

  11. Catherine the Great: Repression of peasants Reliance on nobility 1785 Charter of the Nobility Effective enslavement of Russian peasantry

  12. The Limits of Enlightened Absolutism: Idealistic visions vs. realities of power Reforms generally favouring rulers Some benefits for subjects, but limited Church-state alliances being re-established

  13. CesareBeccaria (1738-94) Essay on Crimes and Punishments (1764)

  14. Frederick II (the Great) of Prussia (r. 1740-86) Essay on Forms of Government

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