A NEW NATIONAL IDENTITY (1812–1840)

Chapter 12 A NEW NATIONAL IDENTITY(1812–1840) Section 1: The Rise of Nationalism Section 2: Expansion and Improvements Section 3: The Age of Jackson Section 4: Indian Removal Section 5: American Culture

Section 1: The Rise of Nationalism OBJECTIVES • How did the United States settle its land disputes with Great Britain and Spain? • Why did President Monroe issue the Monroe Doctrine, and what were its most important points?

Section 1: The Rise of Nationalism Treaties Settling Disputes between the United States, Great Britain and Spain • Rush-Bagot Agreement (1817) – limited naval power (Great Britain) • Convention of 1818 – settled fishing rights and established a border (Great Britain) • Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819 – Spain gave up all of Florida to the United States • Monroe Doctrine (1823) (Europe, Central and South America)

Section 1: The Rise of Nationalism Why Monroe Issued the Monroe Doctrine Monroe issued the Monroe Doctrine because he feared that Latin American independence would encourage European powers to take control on the newly independent countries. Monroe Doctrine – President James Monroe’s statement forbidding further colonization in the Americas and declaring that the United States would view any attempt by a foreign country to colonize as a hostile act

SECTION 1 The Rise of Nationalism Question: How did the United States settle its land disputes with Great Britain and Spain?

SECTION 1 The Rise of Nationalism Compromise with Spain Compromise with Great Britain Adams-Onis Treaty Terms: Rush-Bagot Agreement Terms: • Spain gave Florida to the United States. • The United States gave up claims to present-day Texas. • United States took responsibility for up to $5 million of United States citizens’ claims against Spain. • limited naval power on the Great Lakes Convention of 1818 Terms: • gave the United States fishing rights off parts of Newfoundland and Labrador coasts • established a border between the United States and Canada at the 49th parallel, as far west as the Rockies • agreed to joint occupation of the Pacific Northwest

Section 2: Expansion and Improvements OBJECTIVES • What issues was the Missouri Compromise supposed to address? • How did improvements in transportation affect the United States? • Why was the 1824 presidential election controversial?

Section 2: Expansion and Improvements The Missouri Compromiseaddressed two issues: • the expansion of slavery • the balance of free and slave states

Section 2: Expansion and Improvements Transportation Improvements • united the country • aided trade and economy

Section 2: Expansion and Improvements Election of 1824 The election of 1824 was controversial because Adams was accused of making a corrupt bargain with Clay.

SECTION 2 Expansion and Improvements Question: How did improvements in transportation affect the United States?

SECTION 2 Improvements Examples Expansion and Improvements Affect on the United States Roads Cumberland Road turnpikes connected the East coast to the interior United States Canals Erie Canal provided faster and cheaper routes for goods to market Overall results of improvements in transportation Both resulted in connecting regions of the United States.

Section 3: The Age of Jackson OBJECTIVES • How was Jacksonian Democracy a sign of change in American politics? • How did tariff disputes lead to the nullification crisis, and how did President Jackson respond? • Why was President Jackson against a national bank, and how did his opposition affect the economy?

Section 3: The Age of Jackson Jacksonian Democracy • expanded voting rights • nominating conventions Nominating conventions– public meetings to select the party’s presidential and vice presidential candidates

Section 3: The Age of Jackson Nullification Crisis • Northern manufacturers wanted high tariffs and the southern farmers wanted low tariffs leading to the nullification crisis. • The crisis was resolved by a congressional compromise to lower tariffs gradually.

Section 3: The Age of Jackson Jackson’s Position on a National Bank • Jackson opposed the power of a national bank. • His opposition effected the economy by leading to inflation.

Section 3: The Age of Jackson Regional Issues – 30 years BEFORE the Civil War. • Tariffs • Federal vs State - Nullification crisis – “states’ rights” • Federal vs State – 2nd National Bank • Federal Law superior to State Law (McCulloch v Maryland)

SECTION 3 The Age of Jackson Question: How did tariff disputes lead to the nullification crisis and how did President Jackson respond?

SECTION 3 The Age of Jackson STEPS LEADING TO THE NULLIFICATION CRISIS Southern states asserted their right to nullify protective tariffs, which they argued hurt their economy. Jackson threatened to send federal troops to South Carolina to enforce federal laws. Jackson condemned nullification.

Section 4: Indian Removal OBJECTIVES • Why did the federal and state governments begin an American Indian removal policy? • How did American Indians such as the Cherokee resist removal? • How were American Indians affected by the removal from their lands?

Section 4: Indian Removal Indian Removal Act To end Indian conflicts and to open a southern settlement, Congress passed the Indian Removal Act in 1830 which authorized the removal of Indians east of the Mississippi River.

Section 4: Indian Removal Cherokees resisted removal by: • adopting white culture • creating a government based on the U.S. • suing the state of Georgia

Section 4: Indian Removal The Indian Response The Indians met removal with armed resistance leading to many Indian deaths.

SECTION 4 Indian Removal Question: Why did federal and state governments begin an American Indian removal policy?

SECTION 4 Indian Removal Seminole were harboring slaves and raiding towns Gold was discovered Reasons for American Indian Removal Policy to end disputes between American Indians and settlers to open up American Indian land to settlers for farming

Section 5: American Culture OBJECTIVES • Who were the favorite writers of the early 1800’s, and what did they write about? • What was the focus of the Hudson River school?

Section 5: American Culture Writers of the 1800’s and Their Subjects • William Wirt – biographies of Revolutionary heroes • Washington Irving – American history using satire • James Fenimore Cooper – novels and historical fiction • Catharine Maria Sedgwick – historical fiction and novels

Section 5: American Culture Hudson River School The Hudson River school focused on artists painting landscapes that depicted the beauty of nature.

SECTION 5 American Culture Question: What topics did favorite writers of the early 1800s write about?

SECTION 5 Writers Subjects American Culture FAVORITE AMERICAN WRITERS OF THE EARLY 1800s Washington Irving, James Fenimore Cooper, Catharine Maria Sedgwick American Revolution, settlement, and the landscape

A NEW NATIONAL IDENTITY (1812–1840)