Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris, 17 décembre 2002

1. Sustainable Energy Systems Original-Vortrag: siehe unten, Anmerkungen etc. Hans F Hoffmann Systèmes énergétiques durables Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris, 17 décembre 2002 Domenico Rossetti di Valdalbero Commission Européenne, DG Recherche Tel.: +32-2-296.28.11 Fax: +32-2-299.49.91 E-mail: domenico.rossetti-di-valdalbero@cec.eu.int

2. Focusing and integrating research Budget (MEuro) EC 6th FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME • 1 Genomics and biotechnology for health 2 255 • Advanced genomics and applications for health 1 100 • Combatting major diseases 1 155 2 Information Society technologies 3 625 3 Nanotechnologies and nano-sciences, knowledge-base multifunctional materials, new production processes and devices 1 300 4 Aeronautics and space 1 075 5 Food quality and safety 685 • 6 Sustainable development, global change and ecosystems 2 120 • Sustainable energy systems810 • Sustainable surface transports 610 • Global change and ecosystems700 7 Citizens and governance in a knowledge-based society 225 8 Specific activities covering a wider field of research 1 300 Total 13 345

3. FP6 AS A TOOL FOR THE EUROPEAN RESEARCH AREA Concentration on a limited number of priorities Networking of research teams and projects Creation of a genuine European added value Structuring effect linking policies and schemes of national and regional authorities other European actors Use mainly the new instruments (Integrated Projects and Networks of Excellence)

4. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, GLOBAL CHANGE AND ECOSYSTEMS (PRIORITY 6) • Sustainable energy systems (810 M€) • Short and medium term impact (DG TREN) • Medium and long term impact (DG RTD) • Sustainable surface transport (610 M€) • Global change and ecosystems (700 M€)

5. DRIVING FORCES The Lisbon strategy “for the EU to become the most competitive knowledge-based economy of the world” and the Gothenburg conclusions on the EU strategy for Sustainable Development Communications towards the European Research Area and more specifically … Green Paper “Towards a European Strategy for the security of energy supply” White Paper “European Transport Policy for 2010: Time to decide” The EC 6th Environment Action Programme “Environment 2010: our future, our choice” Kyoto and Montreal Protocols, UN Conventions on Biodiversity and Desertification; Johannesburg Conclusions

6. OBJECTIVES • Promoting clean, safe and affordable energy • Reducing greenhouse gases and pollutant emissions • Ensuring security of energy supply • Meeting the evolving energy demand • Increasing the share of renewable energy sources • Improving energy efficiency, industrial competitiveness and quality of life

7. EXPRESSIONS OF INTEREST more than 11.700 submitted overall more than 2.800 for Priority 6 775 for Energy (200 for Nuclear) 480 for Transport 1.400 for Global Change 15-20 % are mature 15% from Associated States IP/NoE ratio: 2/1

8. INSTRUMENTS • Integrated Projects (IP) • Networks of Excellence (NoE) • Specific Targeted Research Projects (STREP) • Co-ordination Actions (CA) • Specific Support Actions (SSA)

9. SHORT AND MEDIUM-TERM RESEARCH ACTIONS (405 M€) • Clean energy, in particular renewables • Cost effective supply • Large scale integration • Energy savings and energy efficiency • Eco-buildings • Polygeneration • Alternative motor fuels

10. IP & NoE STREP RENEWABLE ENERGIES (2003.SM) • Combinations of biomass and wastes with fossil fuels • Innovative wind turbines • Transfer to industrial scale of a new generation of PV technologies • Geothermal energy • Large innovative wind turbines, components and design tools • Low cost photovoltaic modules with integrated dc/ac inverters than can feed power directly into the grid Large scale integration of renewable energy into energy supplies CA and SSA to prepare CONCERTO ca: coord. act; ssa: spec.sup. act.

11. IP STREP LARGE-SCALE INTEGRATION OFRES(2004.SM) • CONCERTO IPs addressing the large scale integration of RES into energy supplies together with eco-buildings and polygeneration • RES electricity • Medium and low temperature RES heating and cooling • Polygeneration • Liquid and gaseous biofuels Cost Effective Supply: not opened RES: renewable energy systems

12. IP & NoE STREP ENERGY SAVINGS AND EFFICIENCY (2003.SM) • Architecture for low-energy demand buildings • Integration of renewable & energy efficiency in buildings • Low energy construction and/or retrofitting materials • Innovative building management systems (BMS) • High performance eco- buildings Polygeneration: Not opened

13. IP STREP ENERGY SAVINGS AND EFFICIENCY (2004.SM) • CONCERTO IPs addressing the large scale integration of RES into energy supplies together with eco-buildings and polygeneration Proposals for only eco-buildings or for only polygeneration will not be considered in this call.

14. IP STREP ALTERNATIVE MOTOR FUELS (2003.SM) • Integration into the transport system • Demonstration of production, storage and distribution from RES • Demonstration of new ways of using alternative fuels • Strategies and tools to monitor and stimulate market demand • Assessment and monitoring of research activities • Bio-fuels and/or hydrogen The IP should address in an holistic manner the whole alternative fuels chain, the so-called "well to wheel" approach.

15. IP only STREP ALTERNATIVE MOTOR FUELS (2004.SM) • CIVITAS II. A joint initiative with sustainable surface transport

16. MEDIUM AND LONG-TERMRESEARCH ACTIONS (405 M€) • Fuel cells, including their applications • New technologies for energy carriers, particularly H2 • New and advanced concepts in renewable energy technologies • Capture and sequestration of CO2 • Socio-economic tools and concepts for energy strategy

17. IP & NoE STREP FUEL CELLS (2003.ML) • Systems for DG, combined heat/cold and power and mobile applications from a few kW to a few MW. • Solid polymer fuel cell for stationary and transport applications • Materials, processes, components and systems for proton exchange membrane and direct methanol fuel cells • Fuel cell systems for small portable applications • Advanced computational models and simulation tools for fuel cells

18. IP & NoE STREP HYDROGEN (2003.ML) • Centralised and decentralised hydrogen production and purification from fossil, RES, and other • Hydrogen storage and infrastructure • Preparing for hydrogen as an energy carrier in energy systems • Safety of hydrogen technologies and harmonisation of testing procedures • Unconventional routes for hydrogen production • Components and systems for specific hydrogen safety critical functions

19. IP & NoE STREP ELECTRICITY (2003.ML) • New demand driven solutions for large scale implementation of distributed energy resources in Europe • Novel concepts and advanced components for power networks with high DER penetration • Advanced energy storage systems for RES • Transmission systems • Energy storage for grid-connected applications • High temperature superconductors devices

20. IP & NoE STREP PHOTOVOLTAICS (2003.ML) • Thin-film PV technologies with higher efficiency / cost ratio • Cristalline Si modules costing below 1€/Wp • High efficiency PV through better utilisation of the solar spectrum • Organic solar cells • PV concentration • Innovative concepts for PVin buildings • MW-size PV plants

21. IP & NoE STREP BIOMASS AND BIOENERGY (2003.ML) • Biofuel production fromligno-cellulosic feedstock • Production of hydrogen rich gas using multiple biomass feedstock including biomass residues/wastes • Overcoming barriers to the development of bioenergy production systems • Environmentally friendly biomass combustion technologies • Biofuels for fuel cells • Energy from bio-residues and energy crops

22. IP & NoE STREP OTHER RENEWABLES (2003.ML) • Wind - new and improved concepts • Ocean (tidal and wave) energy • Concentrated solar thermal • Geothermal energy - enhanced geothermal systems

23. IP & NoE STREP CO2 CAPTURE & SEQUESTRATION (2003.ML) • Pre-combustion capture technologies for CO2 • Post-combustion capture technologies for CO2 • CO2 capture and geological sequestration as a viable option for CO2 mitigation • Chemical/ mineral sequestration of CO2 • Transport of CO2 • CO/H2 and/or CO2/H2 separation in pre-combustion capture

24. IP STREP SOCIO-ECONOMIC(2003.ML) • Quantification of energy externalities. • Social issues related to implementation of medium and long term energy technologies • Quantitative and qualitative forecasting methods

25. EURATOM 6th FP Budget (M€) 1 Management of radioactive waste 90 2 Controlled thermonuclear fusion 750 (*) 3 Radiation protection 50 4 Other activities 50 5 Activities of the Joint Research Center 290 Total 1 230 (*) including EUR 200 million for participation in ITER

26. INDICATIVE CALL ROADMAP 2003 See call text for details

27. STAYING INFORMED • CORDIS:http://www.cordis.lu/rtd2002/ • EUROPA:http://www.europa.eu.int/comm/dgs/research/index_en.html • DG Research energy web site: http://europa.eu.int/comm/research/energy/index_en.html • DG Energy and Transport web site:http://europa.eu.int/comm/energy/index_en.html • External relations office • National contact points • EC officials

28. CONCLUSIONS • FP6 or a new approach : involve new participants; facilitate contacts between initiatives and identify overlaps, interactions and synergies • Consider always the overall policy context (ERA, Sustainable Development, Security of Energy Supply) and address related objectives • Focus on the topics/issues for which the call is inviting proposals • High ambitions of new instruments (complex, challenging…). Give yourselves the resources to meet the challenge

29. EU Energy Research WETO: Business as usual, technical change as usual World energy demand: 1.8% increase/y; EU: 0.4%; fossil fuels ~90% of total energy supplyin 2030; oil 34%, coal 28%, gas 25%; nuclear&renewable <20% in EU In 2030,world CO2 emissions > twice 1990 EU ~18%, US~50% Sufficient oil reservesexist worldwide World oil production to increase by ~65% Oil price is to reach 35 €/bl in 2030 ‘Energy, environment and sustainable development’ programme My contact: European Commission Directorate-General for Research Domenico Rossetti di Valdalbero 2003; Directorate-General for Research EUR 20366 Hans F Hoffmann/ CERN-SG; Oct 2004

30. Further Assumptions and Conclusions Hans F Hoffmann/ CERN-SG; Oct 2004

31. Literature • http://europa.eu.int/comm/research/energy/gp/gp_pu/article_1100_en.htm • The EU and Energy Research • External Costs; Science and Technology for Sustainable Energy; European Energy Research; The European Research Area; Renewable Energy Newsletter; Vision for PV Technology; European Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Projects; European CO2 Capture and Storage projects; European distributed energy resources projects; European Photovoltaics Projects report ; Clean, Safe and Efficient Energy for Europe; Renewable Energy Technologies and Kyoto Protocol Mechanisms; European Bio-Energy Projects, 1999-2002; New ERA for electricity in Europe; The Alternative Generation; CO2 Capture and storage; • Nuclear Fission and Radiation Protection • Fusion Hans F Hoffmann/ CERN-SG; Oct 2004

32. Key message of European Strategy for Security of Energy Supply • Today the EU depends on imports for 50% of its energy needs and this may rise to 70% in 2020, if no action is taken. • No single energy option has the capacity on its own to fulfil all energy needs. • There is a need for diversity and this has to be reflected in policy agendas and research priorities. • Research has an essential role to play in enhancing and capitalising on the potential of all energy options, including nuclear fission and fusion. • European Energy Research Hans F Hoffmann/ CERN-SG; Oct 2004

33. THE EUROPEANRESEARCH AREAfor a sustainable energy future • Research is becoming increasingly complex, multi-disciplinary and expensive to perform. The fragmented approach that has typified European research and development for many years is no longer adequate to meet today’s challenges. • This is as true for the field of sustainable energy systems as for any other area of research and development. Advances in energy research involve long-term research programmes requiring resources beyond the capacity of any one Member State in Europe. The pressure of international competition necessitates an integrated European response. • The European Research Area Hans F Hoffmann/ CERN-SG; Oct 2004

34. Was tun?? • Helmholtz Gemeinschaft:(„mit aller Kraft-Energie für die Zukunft“??) • 6 Zentren haben Energieforschung (DLR,FZJ,FZK,GFZ,HMI, IPP) • Koordinierungsstelle: FZ-Jülich; Eisenbeiß • Projekt mit HGF vorschlagen, zum Beispiel solar-thermisches Prototyp-Kraftwerk im Norden Afrikas, in Zusammenarbeit mit Italien/ENNEA? • Teilnahme an geeignetem EU-Projekt? • Partnersuche: Wer sind die Europäischen Partner? • Welche Industrie ist wirklich an einem Prototyp interessiert? • WR: • Energieversorgung sichern, Umweltbelastungen reduzieren, Energie wirtschaftlich und nachhaltig bereitstellen, Energie haushalterisch nutzen, Energieoptionen öffnen, Staatliche Forschungsförderung stärken, Industrielle Forschung muss stärker kooperieren, Forschung und ihre Förderung bündeln, sozial und geisteswissenschaftliche Forschung integrieren, Nachwuchs fördern Hans F Hoffmann/ CERN-SG; Oct 2004

35. CERN collaborates with the Universities of the world 732 722 4231 MS 100 30 50 1932 nMS 50 10 CERN: 20 Member States; 2400 staff- 500 fellows, associates; ~ 930 MCHF annual contributions 250 institutes in MS: 4500 scientists; 210 institutes in nMS: 2000 scientists

36. How do we collaborate: LHC Experiments

37. 30 sites 3200 cpus 25 Universities 4 National Labs 2800 CPUs Grid3 CERN LCG-the common Grid/Cyber-Infrastructure LCG-2 Internet2 land speed record: ~6 Gb/s transfer>1Terabyte Caltech-CERN

38. CERN: Nobel and Millennium Price Winners Carlo Rubbia, Simon van der Meer Tim Berners Lee Georges Charpak