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1. pathology -2 points -loss of calcium from the bones -porous bone is formed

1. pathology -2 points -loss of calcium from the bones -porous bone is formed -affects primarily women -1point Caused by –eg menopause -1-point Effects- hip fractures-1 point. 2. increased LDL-c and small dense LDL – increases fat deposition into artery walls- increased atherosclerosis

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1. pathology -2 points -loss of calcium from the bones -porous bone is formed

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  1. 1. pathology -2 points -loss of calcium from the bones -porous bone is formed -affects primarily women -1point Caused by –eg menopause -1-point Effects- hip fractures-1 point

  2. 2. increased LDL-c and small dense LDL – increases fat deposition into artery walls- increased atherosclerosis decreased HDL-c – decreases fat removal from arteries- increased atherosclerosis Decreased platelet reactivity- less atherosclerosis Decreased LDL oxidation- decreased atherosclerois (controversial) -high saturated fat diets – decrease HDL-c, increased LDL-c and increased triglycerides leading to increased small dense LDL -increased polyunsaturated fatty diets- increased HDL-c, decrease LDL-c and decrease triglycerides leading to decreased small dense LDL -increased dietary fibre-increased HDL-c, decreased LDL-c -increased omega 3 fatty acids (eg EPA and DHA)-decreased platelet reactivity -increased antioxidant vitamins ( eg C, E)-decreased LDL oxidation-controversial

  3. 3. Diet- no shown link with prevention or management of rheumatoid arthritis (2 points) Functional foods- no shown link with prevention or management of rheumatoid arthritis (2 points) Nutraceuticals-no known link with prevention however, omega 3 fatty acids (ALA eg in borage converted to EPA, EPA eg in fish oil)-EPA converted to anti-inflammatory leukotrienes and prostaglandins- reduce inflammation and hence pain, swelling and stiffness post onset

  4. 3. • Following Canada’s food guide helps to reduce obesity because intake proportions of carbohydrates, fats and proteins are in line with requirements for normal body weight • -obesity increases waist circumference • increased waist circumference increases blood FFA • -increased blood FFA causes insulin insensitivity • -increased insulin insensitivity results in higher blood glucose which results in dyslipidemia which causes increased blood pressure

  5. 5. -eat in accordance of Canada’s food guide-reduces chances of obesity-obesity linked to colon cancer in males and females -decrease red meat consumption- high red meat consumption associated with colon cancer -increased dietary fibre- suggested to block absorption of carcinogens into the body -reduce alcohol consumption- increased alcohol consumption elevates estrogen levels and elevated estrogen levels associated with increased breast cancer -reduce foods containing nitrite preservatives-such nitrites form nitrosamines which are carcinogenic

  6. 6. Nutritional issue that needs to be addressed presently because: -public needs to know about a nutritional issue because it is of great significance to the public -is an issue which has been shown to be potentially manageable pre- or post-onset by nutritional intervention and therefore needs research -is an issue that is immersed in considerable controversy that only continued research will address such controversy

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