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The Periodic Table

The Periodic Table. How is the Periodic Table Arranged?. In order of increasing atomic number in specific columns and rows. Groups - vertical columns of the PT. Periods- horizontal row on the PT. Groups are important on the PT. Why?

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The Periodic Table

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  1. The Periodic Table

  2. How is the Periodic Table Arranged? • In order of increasing atomic number in specific columns and rows.

  3. Groups- vertical columns of the PT

  4. Periods- horizontal row on the PT

  5. Groups are important on the PT • Why? • The elements in a group have similar chemical and physical properties!

  6. Alkali Metals – Group 1

  7. ALKALI METALS Group 1 • Hydrogen is not a member, it is a non-metal • 1 electron in the outer shell • Soft and silvery metals • Very reactive, esp. with water • Conduct electricity Image: http://www.learner.org/interactives/periodic/groups2.html

  8. Alkaline Earth Metals – Group 2

  9. ALKALINE EARTH METALS Group 2 • 2 electrons in the outer shell • White and malleable • Reactive, but less than Alkali metals • Conduct electricity

  10. Halogens – Group 17

  11. Halogens Group 7 • 7 electrons in the outer shell • All are non-metals • Very reactive are often bonded with elements from Group 1

  12. Noble Gases – Group 18

  13. Noble Gases Group 8 • Exist as gases • Non-metals • 8 electrons in the outer shell = Full • Helium (He) has only 2 electrons in the outer shell = Full • Not reactive with other elements

  14. Transition Metals – Groups 3 - 12

  15. TRANSITION METALS Groups in the middle • Good conductors of heat and electricity. • Some are used for jewelry. • The transition metals are able to put up to 32 electrons in their second to last shell. • Can bond with many elements in a variety of shapes.

  16. Inner Transition Metals

  17. This is where the 2 rows really belong. So why is it never shown there? It would make the P.T. too long to fit on a single page.

  18. Inner Transitional Metals • Some are Radioactive • The rare earths are silver, silvery-white, or gray metals. • Conduct electricity

  19. Metals • Lustrous • Good conductors of heat & electricity • Malleable – can be pounded into thin sheets • Ductile – can be drawn into thin wire

  20. MetalsNon-metalsmetalloids

  21. Metalloids

  22. MMetalloids • Metalloids • Are between the metals and the nonmetals on the P.T. • Can have properties of both metals and nonmetals • There are 7 METALLOIDS- • Boron • Silicon • Germanium • Arsenic • Antimony • Tellurium • Polonium

  23. Non-metals S Cl • Nonmetals • Are BRITTLE (shatter easily when hit) solids, or liquid or gas at room temperature • Are INSULATORS of heat and electricity • Solids are DULL

  24. Diatomic Elements • Most elements can be isolated to atomic elements – individual atoms • 7 elements are too reactive to exist as individual atoms, instead, they are found as molecular elements – 2 atoms bonded together • Hydrogen, H2 • Oxygen, O2 • Nitrogen, N2 • Chlorine, Cl2 • Bromine, Br2 • Iodine, I2 • Fluorine, F2

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