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“Stuck Rubber Baby” and “Literary Criticism”. Paul, Sandrah, Zach, Alex Group 2 Chapters 6-10 And Pages 210-219. Theory. Each individual’s view of African Americans and their rights differ, signifying that a person’s background changes their view on the same subject.
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“Stuck Rubber Baby” and “Literary Criticism” Paul, Sandrah, Zach, Alex Group 2 Chapters 6-10 And Pages 210-219
Theory Each individual’s view of African Americans and their rights differ, signifying that a person’s background changes their view on the same subject.
Characters of Chapter 6 • Toland - Main character • Sammy – Toland’s African American Gay friend • Mabel - Black woman piano player / singer • Ginger – Tolandsgirl friend • Les Pepper - Sammys black friend • Riley - Sharonsboy friend • Rex - Cop lookout at Rhombus • Anna Dellyne - Old freedom song singer/Sammy's mother • Sharon - Gingers roommate
SRB, Chapter 6. • Sammy invited Toland to experience more into the gay life. • Rex uses a flashing red light which signals in the bar that the police are coming. • Anna Dellyne sings freedom songs and church songs. -Sammy says “This queen’s gonna hear ‘secret in the air from the lady’s lips one more time or die trying!” • When Toland goes to the gay bar he notices a segregation between whites and African Americans. • Les Pepper is an African American homosexual and his parents are aware. • Sammy say “Martin Luther King himself could walk up an say to me ‘Les you gotta quit bein’ gay!’…. An I’d say to him ‘sure thing Dr. King Just as soon as you stop bein a negro! ”
“The Igniting” LC, page 210-211 • As African Americans like Phillis Wheatley and Jupiter Hammon begin to write and create poetry, African American Criticism begins and starts - ideologies -racial prejudice -racial boundaries. • As Literary Criticism rose dramatically in the 20th century, so did African American literature. • This became the influence for African Americans to acknowledge : - Forgotten Literature - historical movements - current attitudes • The White American become known as the oppressors.
Characters of Chapter7 • Toland • Melaneys – Toland’s older sister. • Orley - Melaneyshusband/ Toland’s Roommate • Ginger - Supporter of African American rights • Sherman ((Rastus)) (Sludge) – African American friend of ginger who was lynched • Sharon • Shiloh - Friend of Sledge and Ginger. both sang at rallys and strikes
Chapter 7 • Orley gets suspicious of Toland’s activities, like going to the gay bar. • Toland tries to better his relationship with Ginger -Break-fest every morning • Sludge was found dead and mutilated. • Shiloh tries to pick up Ginger from school to Franks Bend but was not let on campus due to being an unauthorized negro. - On the way back home, they were followed by another car for 85 miles with the car’s high beams on. • When home, Sherman's family tells Ginger what happened to him. -His family welcomes Ginger to their home. -Ginger tells Toland about it later.
“Seeing it in their Eyes” L.C., Pgs. 211-213 • Philis Wheatley’s life writing high lights the main concerns of African American Criticism: - Marginalization of blacks - Social, political, economic, ideological, and literary oppression - The historical and cultural significance of the blacks experience that has ties to African language and culture. - Celebrating that which is black in art - The significance of slavery as a historical event and its present-day racial implications - Reading race into all American literature because whiteness is the “the Other” of blackness • A new form of writing was developed: slave narratives • W.E.B Dubois states “The problem of the 20th century is the color-line”
Characters of Chapter8 • Ginger • Toland
Chapter 8. • Toland goes to breakfast with Ginger. • Ginger speaks at West Hill College about trying to help stop Russell Park from getting closed. • Toland believes that tonight is the night him and Ginger have sex. - Did not happen to due condom malfunction. • Ends up telling Ginger that he is a homosexual.
“Civil Rights Era”, L.C. (214-216) • African American writers fight for social justice, causing the Civil Rights Era. • James Baldwin expresses his belief -Black and homosexual which he called suspect identities -Addresses the white and black viewas their own normal view • Richard Wright opposes Baldwin’s beliefs -Black writers must accept their nationalist implications in order to change them -Focus on the conditions of blacks -social change • The Black Arts Movement was short lived due to the assassination of Malcolm X.
Characters of Chapter9 • Sammy • Sharon • Toland • Mabel and two of her friends • Shiloh and Freedom Chorus
Chapter 9. • Toland goes to Russell Park to see what’s going on. • Almost everyone in town was there, and the police was unable to control them. • Toland, Riley, and Mavis join the African Americans sitting down in Russell Park, refusing to give their ground. • Mabel tells her story of the bus ride and her eyes. • Toland sees Ginger, but she tells him that today is not the day to be with her. • The cops lose control of the dogs, who then start going after people. • Mabel hits one of the dogs with her handbag, which contains a brick.
Harlem Renaissance L.C. 213-214 • In the 1920s and 30s the “rebirth” of black literature began • Here the idea of using black art as a tool for equal rights began. • Alain Leroy Locke “The New Negro” theory: -progressive force -new psychology -new spirit -Jim Crow law • Langston Hughes encourages the opposite: -Embrace the “blackness” -Sees the lower class view -Embrace the music “jazz” • The Harlem comes to an end due to W.W.2
Characters of Chapter10 • Toland • Mabel • Irene - Lesbian Toland met at Rhombus bar • Bernard - Gay person Tolandmet along with Irene • Mabel's Friends / workers at Rhombus from ch. 9 • Police
Chapter 10. • Toland goes to The Rhombus alone. • He meets Irene and Bernard there, two people he later goes to the Alleysax Club with. • Bernard invites some random guys outside The Rhombus to come with. • When they get to the Alleysax Club Bernard is getting beat by the guys and is heard by the people inside and they come to help. • Bernard is hurt and gets driven to emergency room, during the ride both Bernard and Toland are drinking bourbon to calm the nerves. • Bernard gets sent to jail for public drunkenness after he gets treated at the hospital. • When Toland goes to bail him out he gets thrown in as well for being drunk.
“Seeing in a New Perspective.” L.C. (216-219) • Double-voicedness: where African-American literature draws on two voices the white and the black • African American literary theories has helped other groups such as gays and lesbians develop and create their own practical criticism and critical theories • Henry Louis Gates Jr. says African Americans must not cry “special” but created the most complex contemporary theories and practices in order to redefine contemporary theory and allow black language to enter academic discourse to help disclose prejudice and ethnic differences in literature.
Tenets of S.R.B. • Toland’s View • Toland grew up in a town that was significantly racist. His parents, racist themselves, were not as racist as the general populace of the town. Toland believes that African Americans are being mistreated and comes to their aid in Russell park in chapter 9. • Ginger’s View • Ginger currently goes to college and her views are drastically different than the people in Toland’s town. She believes how most of the town acts is horrible, and views racism as something terrible. She fully supports African American rights.
Tenets of L.C. “Ralph Ellison” • Known for one of the greatest literary work in his time “Invisible Man”. • States that America race is the central issue. • Says literature should be a place of experimentation and speculation, where various ideas could be examined • Literature is not a place of converting opinions, but must express their culture • African American Literature must be written and looked at as any other kind of art.
Literary Criticism, page 218 • Is race evident? • Who are the marginalized characters? What color is their skin? • Who are the oppressors? • What does it mean to be black in this text? • What is the dominant hegemony? • Are the marginalized characters aware of their oppression? • What are the ties of the black characters to African language and cultural practices? • Who speaks for blacks? • Are any characters marginalized through silence?
