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XML and Open Source Deliver Device-Independent Dynamic Content

Wireless I.T. 2000. XML and Open Source Deliver Device-Independent Dynamic Content. Keith Bigelow Lutris Technologies. Speaker Highlights. Lutris Open Source Enterprise Software and Services Founded: July 1995 Headquarters: Santa Cruz, CA Employees: ~200

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XML and Open Source Deliver Device-Independent Dynamic Content

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  1. Wireless I.T. 2000 XML and Open Source Deliver Device-Independent Dynamic Content Keith Bigelow Lutris Technologies

  2. Speaker Highlights • Lutris • Open Source Enterprise Software and Services • Founded: July 1995 • Headquarters: Santa Cruz, CA • Employees: ~200 • Investors: Chase Capital Partners, Intel, Compaq, NEC, DB Alex Brown, Chase H&Q, TransCosmos • Keith Bigelow • Director of Product Mgmt @ Lutris for Enhydra & Wireless • Keith.Bigelow@Lutris.com

  3. Agenda • Which Types of Wireless Apps to Build? • Overview of Open Source and Wireless • Wireless Protocols & Standards • Open Source Options for Wireless Development • Tutorial in Authoring a Wireless Application

  4. Why Wireless? • Growth of internet capable cell phone adoption • 2 billion SMS messages sent in October 1999 Forrester • 5 billion SMS messages sent in March 2000 - Forrester • 1 billion mobile internet access devices by 2003 Yankee • BlueTooth technology widely available in 2002 Durlacher • GPS federally mandated in 2001, location based services become real FCC • Analyst predictions for Mobile Commerce • $323 Million in 1998 - Durlacher • $23 Billion in 2003 - Durlacher

  5. What Types of Wireless Apps? • Early Consumer Applications • Chat – Instant Messaging using SMS • Portals – News, sports, weather, entertainment, travel • Entertainment – tickets, games, music, betting • Financial apps – Stock trading in HK today • Email • Early Opportunities in Business Applications • eSalary – ADP sends email & SMS alert re: funds xfer • Mobile supply chain integration [exchanges, auctions, etc.] • Telemetry / Remote control • Job Dispatch / Fleet Mgmt. • Mobile CRM / SFA

  6. Why Were B2C Wireless Apps First? • Uncertain costs of service - expected move to fixed costs for data, but not there yet – IT hates a variable cost… • Security issues - handoff between provider & back end apps currently is exposed – IT hates security holes… • Businesses themselves have not historically embraced personal productivity devices due to IT [Palm Pilot, etc.] – IT is already too busy and overtasked… • Initial lack of available phones & infrastructure for business applications • Homogeneous messaging [SMS] standards created a large base of commonly connected consumers

  7. Which Wireless Apps Will Be Home Runs?? Forrester 12/1999modified by Beaulieu 5/00

  8. Open Source and Location Technology • US FTC E-911mandate location for operators by 2001. Geocoding in public domain. Only in the US. • GPS – Global Positioning System • 10 meter precision + altitude • Earth is covered by 24 satellites. • May 1 2000 SA (Signal Availability) dithering was turned off. • 2 minute acquisition times • http://www.locationforum.org/ is the new forum created by handset firms to share location information, join!

  9. So Why Build Wireless Apps With Open Source? Open source is a software development methodology Harnesses the power of the Internet to build community Brings the best minds in the world together, not just the best in a single company Open source software is often superior to closed source More robust, feature rich, and adaptable / Quickest method of addressing bugs and deficiencies Ex: Linux, Apache, SendMail, TCP/IP, HTTP, Perl, etc Wireless leverages all the Open Source benefits Standards based (e.g., XML, Java…) WAP – the USA/Europe emerging standard is moving to the W3C iMode – the Japanese standard is already on W3C J2ME / MIDp – offered as an open standard by Sun and Handset firms

  10. Wireless Open Source Value • Developers • 24x7 worldwide code review process • 24x7 mail list / newsgroup support • Learning through community monitoring & involvement • ISV/Product Companies • Favorable licensing/cost model for redistribution • Licenses to protect IP • End Users • Self-supporting through source code access • Features driven by discussion, contribution and consensus, not proprietary product managers • More sources for support and services • Places control in the hands of the customer

  11. What Wireless Protocol for Europe/North America? • WAP is the Wireless Application Protocol, as is moving into Open Source • WAP allows delivery from a server or other application-host to a wireless device, using standard (agreed-upon) specifications for transmission of data. • WAP is all about providing an experience on a phone entirely different from a typical web-browsing session. • Typical phones (that’s right, typical ones) now support either WAP or WML through the phone.com gateways (via HDML). • Outside USA/EUROPE? You’re probably looking at cHTML/iMODE (Japan), or localized WAP (China)

  12. How Does WAP Work?? It’s all about conversion – the WAP Gateway does the “hard stuff”. WAP device requests get translated into web requests, and web responses Get translated back into WAP-specific data streams.

  13. Internet and WAP Technologies Wireless Application Protocol Wireless ApplicationEnvironment (WAE) Other Services and Applications HTML JavaScript Transaction Layer (WTP) Session Layer (WSP) HTTP TLS - SSL Security Layer (WTLS) Transport Layer (WDP) TCP/IP UDP/IP Bearers: IS-136 CDPD PDC-P CDMA Etc.. SMS USSD CSD Internet Source: Phone.com

  14. WML is the Wireless Markup Language. Cards, Decks, and micro-views into the world WML is about shoving more into less. WML is about sending data to anticipate customer’s needs. WML is about being concise, not flashy. Markup-isms HTML (Most Web – W3C) DHTML (Some Web – W3C) WML (Phone.com) HDML (Phone.com proprietary – broadest use today in the USA) cHTML (Phones in Japan) XHTML (All Web – HTML rewritten in XML) XML (Anything) And a host of others… What Is WML?

  15. (X)HTML <html> <head><title>Home Page</title></head> <body> <p align=“left”> <i>Main Menu</i><br /> <a href=“title.html”>Title Page</a><br /> <a href=“myPage.html”>My Page</a><br /> </p> </body> </html> (And other HTML pages…) WML <wml> <card id="index" title="Home Page"> <p align="left"> <i>Main Menu</i><br /> <a href="#title">Title Page</a><br /> <a href="#myPage">My Page</a><br /> </p> </card> <card id="title" title="My Title Page"> Welcome to my Title Page!<br /> So happy to see you. </card> <card id="myPage" title="Hello World"> <p align="center"> Hello World! </p> </card> </wml> Is It Like HTML, or XML?

  16. Constraints Drive Wireless Application Architectures • Constraints of current environment • Bandwidth -19,200 is max speed today (improving) • Screen Size - fewer than 7 rows, 14 characters • Keyboard - just 0-9 + menu options • Processing power - batteries / chips not optimized • Implications • Server side logic – minimize data xfer, client processing • Screen sensitive – specialized menus, reduced content • Context sensitive / Personalized – desirable & relevant • Actionable applications – workflow driven

  17. What Wireless XML Technology is Coming? • VoiceXML • 2 billion rotary phones can’t be wrong • Approved by the W3C 05/2000 • J2ME • Every major cellular handset mfg will release on in Q4 • Palm, Handspring, and RIM • No UI failure resulting from incompatible gateways! • Simple XML datasets over HTTP • XHTML-Basic • The new protocol for WAP 2.0 in 2001 • The new protocol for i-mode 3.0 in 2001 • See the W3C now for final review

  18. Apache Cocoon Web Publishing Framework Specific Needs Dynamic translation of XML to *ML Excellent File Serving Performance No Commercial Support Excellent concepts that may become future products Enhydra Java/XML Application Server General Needs Servlets/JSP/Security/Mgmt/ Database Access/Scalability Excellent Overall Performance Commercial Support (through Lutris) Open Source Wireless Application Solutions

  19. Lutris Enhydra Wireless Device Support VoiceXML SMS WML/Java HTML/Java C++/Java/HTML Pager cHTML • VoiceXML provides access by any user via any phone in any geographic location – existing infrastructure play • SMS/Pager support allows for any network’s notification/alert mechanism – existing infrastructure play • WML/cHTML/Java support allows for support of any mobile data standard [WAP, iMODE, MIDp, etc.] – emerging play • C++/Java/HTML support for industrial devices – emerging play

  20. Enhydra Momentum • #1 Java/XML Open Source Application Server • 85,000+ Downloads • 10s of thousands of copies distributed by SCO, HP, SUN, RedHat • 3,000 Contributing Developers • Enhydra Key for Wireless Internet Applications • Product & Distribution Partnerships • RedHat, TurboLinux, VA Linux, SuSE, Sun, IBM, HP, SCO, eLinux • Technology Collaboration Partners • Intel IA64 - 64-bit porting resources to Win2k-64, Monterey, Linux64 • BullSoft & France Telecom: Enterprise Java Bean / CORBA projects • Apache/Xerces & Tomcat: XML Parser, Servlet 2.2/JSP 1.1 • Cygnus, Inprise JBuilder, Sun/Forte for Java, WAPtor, WinWAP, Yospace

  21. Wireless Devices Browsers Databases E-Commerce Systems Legacy Systems Back-End Systems Role of Application Servers For Wireless • Application servers turn web sites into Internet applications • They allow for dynamic, interactive applications • They implement “business” logic in the Internet Static Content Dynamic Content Complete Open Source Platform App Servers (Enhydra*) Web Servers Back-End Connectivity * Enhydra runs over any operating system that supports Java (Linux, NT, Windows, Solaris, Macintosh, AS/400, HP/UX, etc.).

  22. Enhydra • Scaleable, robust, proven Java application server • Leading features in key areas: • Management • Wireless • XML • "Lutris has created the perfect marriage of openness and commercial requirements for reliability, standards compliance, and support.” • InfoWorld, April 10, 2000

  23. Wireless Solutions – Room33 • The Need: Build a wireless solutions portal – email, weather, stocks, calendar, entertainment, etc. directly to your cell phone – in 20 languages! • Why Enhydra?: Cost to deploy, community support, wireless application support, multi-language support, extensibility, quick bug resolution, upgradeability/cost

  24. Wireless Application DevelopmentA Practical Discussion

  25. Key Wireless Application Concepts • Provide HTML views for heavy duty data entry, and allow the Wireless views to make use of preference settings created in the HTML session • Cleanly separate all logical levels of your application • Presentation • Business • Data • Plan ahead to de-couple all layers

  26. Simple Tutorial – An Address Book • Tutorial authored by Victor Brilon and edited by yours truly • Is Open Source, so share it! • Is easily extensible for other needs • it’s a simple database query app • United’s flights and whether they’re on time • Local restaurants [query by city & type] • Local movies [query by city & time] • Your UPS package, etc.

  27. Client WAP Gateway WML WML Encoder WML-Script WMLScript Compiler WTAI Protocol Adapters Biz Logic Data Logic Presentation Etc. Sample Application Architecture Enhydra Server WSP/WTP HTTP Emulators simulate the two boxes on the left

  28. How Does the Sample App Work? • Simple Presentation Directories for WML and HTML • HTML and WML forms can be viewed in any text editor • Or download WAPtor from http://www.waptop.net/ • Business Logic Directory for requests • Use Sun’s command line tools in the JDK 1.2.2 • Or download NetBeans/Forte For Java, an open source Java IDE, to view this source code and modify it • Data Logic Directory for database access • The Data Object Design Studio that comes with Enhydra will create your data objects for you, visually • The database is InstantDB, an Open Source Java RDBMS • You can easily migrate the data into any JDBC database

  29. The Data Layer • Use DODS (Data Object Design Studio) to create data objects to encapsulate access to the database. • Great introduction to DODS at: http://www.enhydra.org/software/documentation/enhydra/DODS.html • DODS helps you generate DOs (Data Objects) through which you can access your Data Layer • Focus on persistence and storage at this layer

  30. The Business Layer • Focus on business logic at this level. • Decision making processes. • Main workflow should be clear throughout this layer. • Do not be tempted to put any presentation or data specific code into this layer.

  31. The Presentation Layer • This is the logical place in the program where you find out what kind of client is accessing the application. • This is where you create unique presentations for different presentation technologies [WML, HTML, VoiceXML, etc.] • The decision as to which content to serve this client should be made by a business class and delivered to the presentation layer.

  32. Instrumental in Authoring the Wireless Presentation is XMLC • Learned key lessons from hands-on use of JSP • Embedding Java in HTML is a kludge • HTML and Java are incompatible languages • A 100% object-oriented application architecture is not possible • Leads to unmaintainable application presentations • Assumes browser-only display device • Required HTML designers to become too technical and too dependent on Java developers • Awkward handcuffs to project schedules • Lutris Consulting Services needed a way to build maintainable Web applications • …while allowing HTML designers to be designers and Java developers to be developers

  33. When Did Lutris add Wireless Support? • We didn’t! - The Open Source Community did! • Room 33 in Sweden • DigitalSesame in Taiwan • A requirement born out of worldwide demand • Wireless market is advanced in Europe, Taiwan • Open Source community members leveraged Open Source Enhydra and Enhydra XMLC to add support for Wireless presentations… • …Then contributed the feature enhancements (a la source code) back to Enhydra.org • Validation of the Open Source model • Features driven by real world requirements, not marketing requirements documents.

  34. Enhydra XMLC Open Source Elements • XML – more than just data transport • Defined by W3C • Foundation for evolving standards, e.g. VoiceXML, WML, xHTML • DOM – Document Object Model • Defined by W3C • How a program stores an XML/HTML document in memory • A hierarchical representation of an XML/HTML document as represented in a software programming language, e.g. Java • Library for traversing, pruning, accessing portions of the DOM “tree” • XML Parser (from Apache Xerces Project) • Translating an XML text file into a Java DOM tree in memory.

  35. Enhydra Development Process • Typical development steps involve: • Create database schema • Typical development steps involve: • Create data access objects • Typical development steps involve: • Create business objects • Typical development steps involve: • Create presentation objects • One set per UI device • Typical development steps involve: Dynamic HTML Dynamic WML

  36. Wireless Example Application Enhydra Multiserver HTTP Request WML Result • Goal: Display rows from a SQL query to an RDBMS on a cell phone • Objects: • Application: Demo.java • Data: PersonDO.java • Business: Phonemanager.java • Presentation: Index.java • Presentation: Index_wml.java Example Java code…

  37. Example Code: Index.html <html> <head> <title> Search for a name in the phone book </title> <!-- Changed by: Victor Brilon, 11-May-2000 --> </head> <body> <form method="POST" action="Searchhtml.po"> Enter a first name and/or a last name to search for<br> First Name: <input type="text" name="firstName"><br> Last Name: <input type="text" name="lastName"><br> <input type="submit"> </form> </body> </html> + XMLC = IndexHTML.java (DOM)

  38. Our Code Under HTML is the Same

  39. Example Code: Index.wml <?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE wml PUBLIC "-//WAPFORUM//DTD WML 1.1//EN" "http://www.wapforum.org/DTD/wml_1.1.xml"> <!-- Source Generated by WML Deck Decoder --> <wml> <card id="search" title="Phone Search"> <p> First Name: <input name="firstName" title="First Name"/> Last Name: <input name="lastName" title="Last Name"/> </p> <do label="Confirm" type="accept"> <go href="/Searchwml.po?firstName=$(firstName:escape)&amp;lastName=$(lastName:es cape)" method="get"/> </do> </card> </wml> + XMLC = IndexWML.java (DOM)

  40. Write Once, Test EVERYWHERE… No app title Breaks up page by input fields Menu missing 7 lines of real- estate vs. 4… Right menu not always under developer control

  41. Installing / Configuring • Install Enhydra [www.enhydra.org] • Install JBF / Forte / emacs as the IDE [www.sun.com] • Install phone emulators [www.yospace.com] • Install the sample tutorial [wireless.zip] • Follow the “QuickStart” guide • Then, configure • Config.mk in the \enhydra3.0.1\examples\..\demo directory to point to your installation directory • Make the project • Start the sample app in the \output directory • View the app in your emulator http://localhost:9000/

  42. Resources: www.enhydra.org

  43. Keith Bigelow Lutris Technologies Keith.Bigelow@Lutris.com

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