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Europe Loses Balance: Road to World War I

Europe Loses Balance: Road to World War I. Mr. Ermer World History Honors Miami Beach Senior High. Nationalism & Alliances. Liberals believed European nation-states, would work together…they didn’t Promoted rivalries and competition Nations built world-wide empires

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Europe Loses Balance: Road to World War I

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  1. Europe Loses Balance: Road to World War I Mr. Ermer World History Honors Miami Beach Senior High

  2. Nationalism & Alliances • Liberals believed European nation-states, would work together…they didn’t • Promoted rivalries and competition • Nations built world-wide empires • The Triple Alliance and Triple Entente constantly trying to preserve national pwr • Trouble in the Balkans makes for hard feelings b/w European powers • Not all “nations” had benefited from nationalism

  3. Europe Colonizes Africa

  4. European Colonies in East Asia

  5. Militarism In Europe • Socialist groups use violent strikes to achieve goals, causing class division • Conservative leaders look for control • Military build-ups cause tensions • Military drafts help swell army ranks • Nations make aggressive preparations for war • Militarism, nationalism and a want to crush internal dissent create tension

  6. “Till the world comes to an end, the ultimate decision will rest with the sword”

  7. War: Summer of 1914 • Serbians rise against Ottoman Empire for independence, Russia helps • Austrians don’t want their Slavs getting ideas from Serbians, block Serbian action • June 28, 1914: Bosnian terrorist group, The Black Hand, assassinates Archduke Franz Ferdinand (future Austrian king) • Serbia rejects Austria-Hungary’s peace offer, due to ridiculous terms/demands • With Germany’s “full support” Austria-Hungary attacks Serbia on July 28

  8. Conflict Grows • Russia had prepared for war with Austria-Hungary and Germany, so it mobilizes for war with both, Germany declares war • Germany’s Schlieffen Plan calls for war with Russia, and France—first hold Russians, then invade France, with control of France, then get Russia—August 3 • Aug 4: Britain declares war on Germany bringing all the great European pwrs to war

  9. Illusions & Stalemate • Before war, nations thought diplomacy and avoidance would solve problems • Nations begin to stir up national hatred by using propaganda, all think they’re right • Most thought war would last just weeks • As Germans move toward Paris, they are stopped at Battle of Marne (Sept 6-10) • Both sides dig in, and don’t move for four years in brutal trench warfare • Russians lose key battles in east Germany, but defeat the Austrians • Italy backs out of alliance, joins France, Britain & Russia in what they called the Allied Powers

  10. The Great Slaughter of 1916-17 • Trench warfare was unexpected, military commanders had no clue how to fight it • Tactics cause many deaths, barely work • Verdun, France:700,000 deaths in 10 mos. • 1915: Airplanes introduced to war • Germany uses Zeppelins to bomb England • World War I becomes war of attrition, each side just tries to wear out the other by constantly attacking without end

  11. World Wide War • Both side look for new partners • Ottoman Empire joins Germany’s side, called the Central Powers, Bulgaria joins • Allied Powers land in Bulgaria, lose bad • British officer T.E. Lawrence “of Arabia” gets Arabian princes to rise against Turks • British bring soldiers from India, Australia and New Zealand to take over Middle East • Allied Powers, with help of Japan, take over German colonies around world while Germany concentrates on war in Europe

  12. Entry of the United States • At first United States stays out of the war • British navy blocks ships from Germany • German submarines bomb British ships • May 7, 1915: Germans bomb Lusitania killing over 100 American citizens • U.S. angry, Germans suspend sub warfare • British navy has edge, Germans launch subs • 1917: U.S. enters war against Central Powers

  13. Total War • Complete mobilization of resources • When first wave of war fails, governments expand powers to fight, draft more men • Free market put on hold, gov’t takes control transportation, industry, supplies • Food rations, controlled prices and wages • Governments use propaganda to drum up support for the war efforts, exaggerate what the other side is doing • Women enjoy new freedom as men go to war, provides push for women suffrage

  14. Work On It: • On page 413, write and answer questions 1-4

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