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Sociology

Sociology. Sociology. Scientific study of how humans are influenced by their SOCIETY H uman beings have free will BUT our decisions and perceptions are impacted by our interactions with: P eople (family, peers, authority figures)

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Sociology

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  1. Sociology

  2. Sociology • Scientific study of how humans are influenced by their SOCIETY • Human beings have free will • BUT our decisions and perceptions are impacted by our interactions with: • People (family, peers, authority figures) • Institutions (education, religion, political systems, the media, the law, the military) • Demographic factors (race, gender, class, age, religion) • Social factors (the cycle of poverty, domestic violence, environmental problems). • We are social beings more than we are individuals.

  3. Common sense? • The work of sociologists have a huge impact on many aspects of society, but is sociology basically just common sense?

  4. Social Stratification: Gender Inequality The earnings of U.S. women have just about caught up with those of U.S men. • True? • False?

  5. Social Stratification: Gender Inequality • False • The gap was narrowing slightly, until the recession • 2011 – Women earn 82.2% of men • 2012 – Women earn 80.9% of men • A sociologist would want to know why the recession had this impact. • In 2010, the median earnings for women working full time were $36,931 compared to $47,715 for men. • For salary • Woman with PhD = Man with Bachelors degree • Woman with bachelor’s degree = man with no college experience

  6. Social Structure and Groups • When faced with natural disasters such as floods a and earthquakes, people panic and social organization disintegrates. • True? • False?

  7. Social Structure and Groups • False. • People develop greater cohesion, cooperation and social organization

  8. Socialization + Deviance • The number of school shootings has steadily declined in the past two decades • True? • False?

  9. Socialization + Deviance Homicides In Schools From 1993 to 2010, the number of homicides committed at primary and secondary schools by students has steadily shrunk. • True • "There's been a lot of attention to this problem starting with the Clinton administration, and there have been some very effective initiatives taken at the local level. The schools are doing stuff that works, but that's not something you read about in the newspapers.“ • Which is going to make the news – effective after school programs, or a school shooting?

  10. Socialization + Deviance • Why do we feel like school shootings have increased? • How would a school shooting have been covered 30 years ago? • How would it be covered today?

  11. Social Stratification: Poverty Most people on welfare are lazy and looking for a handout. They could find work if they wanted to. • True? • False?

  12. Social Stratification: Poverty • False • Most on welfare for less than two years • Used to get through a crisis. • Most are children, elderly, sick, disabled, or single mothers with infant children. • Less than 2% are "able-bodied" males and many of them are looking for work.

  13. Social Institutions: Family Marriages in which couples live together before the marriage are more likely to end in divorce than couples who do not live together before marriage. • True? • False?

  14. Social Institutions: Family • True • Those who do not cohabitate before marriage are more firmly committed to the institution of marriage. • Couples that cohabitate are more willing to end a marriage if they are unhappy.

  15. Social Stratification: Race • The civil rights laws of the 1960s have considerably narrowed the gap between • black and white family incomes in the United States. • True? • False?

  16. Social Stratification: Race • False. • Black family income = 55-60% of white family income • Process of discrimination more subtle than can be solved with laws.

  17. Culture Romantic love is valued as an important basis for marriage in every society. • True? • False?

  18. Culture • False • In many societies, romantic love = foolishness • More important are practical considerations, merging families, etc. • In India today, 90% of marriages are arranged, and the divorce rate is 1% • What questions might a sociologist have about these numbers?

  19. Deviance Murder rates tend to increase slightly but noticeably after a publicized execution. • True? • False?

  20. Deviance • True • Murder rates tend to increase slightly after a publicized execution • A lack of reverence for life on the part of society? • Desensitize us to violence? • Teaches violence as an appropriate way to handle a problem?

  21. Socialization: Gender Roles Men are naturally more aggressive than women. • True? • False?

  22. Socialization: Gender Roles • False • In basic terms, men have more freedom than women in our society (their behavior is less tightly controlled by others) and aggressive behavior, up to a point, is more socially-acceptable or encouraged in men than women.

  23. Socialization: Gender Roles • Among the tribes of New Guinea studied by famous anthropologist Margaret Mead: • The Arapesh - both men and women were peaceful in temperament and neither men nor women made war. • The Mundugumor - both men and women were warlike in temperament. • The Tchambuli - men 'primped' and spent their time decorating themselves while the women worked and were the practical ones

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