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Legal Rights & Responsibilities

Legal Rights & Responsibilities. Business Law. Last Class…. Differentiate between ethical and legal behavior. Compare ethical practices and legal behaviors. Examine ethical dilemmas in business and in law. Today’s Objectives.

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Legal Rights & Responsibilities

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  1. Legal Rights & Responsibilities Business Law

  2. Last Class… Differentiate between ethical and legal behavior. • Compare ethical practices and legal behaviors. • Examine ethical dilemmas in business and in law.

  3. Today’s Objectives • Identify the legal rights & responsibilities of citizens/non-citizens. • Define citizens and identify examples of non-citizens. • Differentiate between legal and illegal immigrants. • Describe the legal rights of citizens and non-citizens. • Describe the legal responsibilities of citizens and non-citizens. • Compare the legal rights and responsibilities of minors and adults. • Identify the age of majority. • Understand examples of rights afforded to adults but not extended to minors.

  4. U.S. Citizens

  5. What makes you a citizen? • Born in the United States • Born to parents who are U.S. citizens

  6. Citizens of the United States • Enjoy all freedoms, protections, and legal rights promised by the Constitution

  7. Becoming a Citizen • People from foreign countries can become U.S. citizens through the naturalization process. • People who were not born as citizens but who become citizens are known as naturalized citizens.

  8. Requirements to Becoming a Citizen • Be at least 18 years old • Live in the U.S. as a legal resident for at least 5 years • Be of good moral character and loyal to the U.S. • Be able to read, write, speak, & understand basic English • Have basic knowledge and understanding of the history, government, and Constitution of the U.S. • Be willing to take an oath of allegiance to the U.S.

  9. The Naturalization Process • Non-citizens file an application • Take a naturalization examination • Appear for a court hearing

  10. Non-Citizens

  11. Non-Citizens include… • Aliens – people who are permanent residents of a country but do not hold citizenship • Nationals – natives of American territories

  12. Resident Aliens • Green cards are for… • Adoption • Employment • Investment • Marriage • Relative • Emigrated from a foreign country and legally reside in the U.S. with a green card • Receive the same treatment of citizens with regard to the “inalienable rights” of the Constitution

  13. Alien Rights • Receive the following rights as long as they do not interfere with national security, public safety, U.S. laws, customs of citizens • Leave country • Expression / assembly • Work & own property • Bring spouse or dependent children to U.S. from another country • Social services, education, social security • No political (voting) rights

  14. Nationals & their Rights • Live in U.S. territories • Do not have full political rights • Enjoy all legal protections afforded to citizens

  15. Illegal Immigrants • Aliens who have entered the United States without government permission or stayed beyond the termination date of a visa (green card) • Subject to deportation

  16. Minors vs. Adults

  17. Who is considered a minor? • A minor is a person who has not yet reached the age of adulthood. • The age of majority is 18 in most states. • Age 19 in Alabama & Nebraska • Age 21 in Mississippi, Pennsylvania, and Puerto Rico • An emancipated minor is one who is no longer under the legal control of his or her parents. • Automatically emancipated if married or independent • Minors who claim to be adults are committing fraud.

  18. Rights and Duties of Minors • Minors as Students • May be searched in school if officials have reason to suspect the law or a school rule has been broken • Freedom of speech/expression may be restrained in school-sponsored settings • Driving is a privilege, not a right. • Must be earned then kept under conditions of good behavior • Usually states will not permit licensure under the age of 16

  19. Rights of Adults…but not Minors

  20. Minors & the Law • No right to a trial by jury • No right to be released on bail • May be convicted as an adult if there is proof beyond a reasonable doubt • Juvenile courts deal with offenders who are minors. • Most juvenile matters are sealed (not open to the general public). • Hearings are often more informal.

  21. Possession • Minors may not possess alcohol. • Zero-tolerance in most states • Must be 21 or older • Minors may not possess tobacco products. • Usually granted by age of majority (which is 18 in most states)

  22. Driving Privileges • Vary from state to state • Minors may not use cell phones while driving • In Virginia, minors must follow laws pertaining to the number of passengers in the vehicle.

  23. Contracts • Contracts made by minors are voidable by the minor. • For this reason, minors are usually not allowed to enter into contracts.

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