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Carman scan for EMS professor

Carman scan for EMS professor. Contents. 1. Scope Meter Utilization 2. Application of Ignition Secondary Wave 3. Multi-meter Utilization 4. Application of Simulation Function 5. Application of Special Maintenance 6. Carman scan Utilization Chart. 1. Scope Meter Utilization.

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Carman scan for EMS professor

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  1. Carman scan for EMS professor

  2. Contents 1. Scope Meter Utilization 2. Application of Ignition Secondary Wave 3. Multi-meter Utilization 4. Application of Simulation Function 5. Application of Special Maintenance 6. Carman scan Utilization Chart

  3. 1. Scope Meter Utilization 1.1 Crank Angle Sensor Signal Analysis 1.2 CAM Angle Sensor Signal Analysis 1.3 TPS Signal Analysis 1.4 Air Flow Sensor Signal Analysis 1.5 O2 Sensor Signal Analysis 1.6 Injector Signal Analysis 1.7 Ignition System Analysis 1.8 ISC Valve Signal Analysis 1.9 Air Temp. Sensor Signal Analysis 1.10 Knock Sensor Signal Analysis 1.11 Vehicle Speed Sensor Signal Analysis 1.12 EGR Valve Signal Analysis 1.13 Purge Valve Signal Analysis 1.14 O2 Sensor Heater Signal Analysis

  4. About Sensor 1.1 Crank angle sensor signal analysis 1.1.1 Introduction of crank angle sensor and principle (1/2) Crank angle sensor is a sensor for locating piston by ECU and necessary to find ignition time . If the signal of the crank angle sensor keeps its consistency, then it is hard to find starting and ending point. Therefore, two teeth are taken out from the crank and it is called Long Tooth and the rest are called Short Tooth. By using long Tooth, TDC ( Top Dead Center ) is found. Contents shown by signal of crank sensor. 1. Ignition time = 360deg * Number of tooth before TDC / Number of tooth at one revolution of engine. Ignition time is calculated by number of tooth between the long tooth and peak voltage. Peak voltage is obtained by measuring signal of crank angle sensor and primary ignition wave simultaneously. 2. Engine speed (RPM) = 60 / ( Time between long tooth * Number of long tooth at one revolution of engine) RPM is calculated by number of long tooth at one revolution of engine.

  5. Sensor type Algorithm Magnetic type 1.1.1 Introduction of crank angle sensor and principle (2/2) Three mostly used crank angle sensor. 1. Optical Sensor : The sensor is used on a single-bodied cam shaft with a hole on the disk. The signal is recognized when the signal passes through the hole while the disk is revolving. This particular sensor is destructive by heat and humidity and makes lots of noise. ( This is the only sensor that disk for crank angle sensor revolve 1 revolution while crank shaft rotate 2 revolution. ) 2. Magnetic Sensor : If the electromagnetic power generated by coil is intercepted by revolution of a single-bodied camshaft with target wheel (normally outside of flywheel ), then the voltage is generated. The sensor is using this voltage for signal.. 3. Hall type sensor : The circuit is included in the sensor inside. This sensor electron The circuit included inside the sensor discharge the electron. The single bodied crank shaft with target wheel (normally outside of fly wheel ) disturbs discharging of electron and generate the voltage. This voltage is used for signal. Optical type Optical type Magnetic type sensor signal This sensor is the most important sensor for the ECU. If sporadic engine stall happened , then suspect this sensor at first. 1. If the ECU detects fault on this signal, then the ECU stop “fuel injection and ignition 2. If the ECU could not detect fault signal, then normal component or not equipped component might be detected as a fault one.

  6. Sensor repair info view. Data analysis Normal value About sensor 1.1.2 The Methodology of Crank Angle Sensor Signal Measurement How to connect sensor : A and B channel can be used simultaneously. The plus of probe(Red color) should be connected with signal line of sensor and the minus(black color) should be connected with ground line of sensor. Carman scan Mode : Please perform following procedure on the screen, - Vehicle selection System(Engine / Transmission / ABS …)Crank Sensor  Measuring

  7. Malfunction of Crank Angle Sensor (1/2) Cause of trouble Troubles 1. Malfunction of crank angle sensor or wiring circuit failure (Signal, Ground and Reference line) 2. Bad connection of wiring 3. Cut off noise or remove cause of noise from crank angle sensor 3.1 Shield crank angle sensor wiring. 3.2 Check whether spark plug is original part or not (Resistance range : 2.0 - 4.5K) 4. The counteraction of sensor maker should be required. 1. The signal is always high or low. 2. The signal is intermittently missed. 3. The noise signal detection. 4. The signal is normal but ECU identify wrong crank angle signal. Engine state 1. The engine is not started. 2. The engine vibration and stall are sometimes occurred. 3. The engine vibration and stall are sometimes occurred and display DTC of normal part or non existed part 4. The ignition timing is out of control range. Normal signal 1.1.3 Crank Angle Sensor Trouble type and Analysis (1/2)

  8. Malfunction of Crank Angle Sensor (2/2) Signal wave when trouble detection 1.1.3 Crank Angle Sensor Trouble type and Analysis (2/2) 1. Always constant signal 2. Intermittently signal missing 4. Signal is normal but ECU wrong identification 3. The noise signal detection Ignition timing from scanner is different with calculation from signal.

  9. 1.Field example of Crank angle sensor trouble:ECU wrong identification Cause of trouble Trouble ECU identified wrong crank angle signal and it led to wrong calculation of ignition timing. So, ECU started ignition with suction stroke. Accent 2000MY vehicle is started with hesitation. Related vehicles This phenomenon is frequently occurred with magnetic crank angle sensor. Accent 2000MY, Avante 1.5L/1.8L DOHC, Tiburon, Verna Signal view 1.1.4 Crank Angle Sensor Field Service Example (1/2) Ignition was BTDC 12deg on scanner but calculation from measured signal was ATDC 48deg. TDC position was identified from service information of Carman scan.

  10. 2.Field example of Crank angle sensor trouble:Intermittently signal missing Cause of trouble Trouble Crank angle signal was abnormal due to power cut when key release. HMC Sonata 2,3(1.8/2.0L DOHC MAP)vehicle : Vehicle is started with hesitation in cold ambient condition or don’t start. Related vehicles This phenomenon is frequently occurred with optical crank angle sensor(MELCO 52 pin ECU). New Sonata 2,3(1.8/2.0 DOHC), New grandeur etc. Signal view 1.1.4 Crank Angle Sensor Field Service Example (2/2) If you measure crank angle signal with above phenomenon, you can see abnormal crank signal.It result in injection cut off.

  11. About Sensor 1.2 CAM angle sensor signal analysis 1.2.1 Introduction of cam angle sensor and principle(1/2) CAM angle sensor is the sensor to indicate the TDC of each cylinders by ECU. This sensor is necessary to calculate injection phase. We can calculate TDC from the crank angle sensor but cylinder number. Therefore ECU recognize the TDC right after cam angle signal. ECU use the cam signal located between two long tooth. If the signal of cam is located inside the long tooth, then ECU detects it as a fault. TDC 19th TDC shown after CAM signal is the first TDC. Information from the signal of cam sensor : TDC of the1st cylinder

  12. About Sensor Algorithm Optical / hall type sensor signal Magnetic type sensor signal 1.2.1 Introduction of cam angle sensor and principle(2/2) Three mostly used cam angle sensor. 1. Optical Sensor : The sensor is used on a single-bodied cam shaft with a hole on the disk. The signal is recognized when the signal passes through the hole while the disk is revolving. This particular sensor is destructive by heat and humidity and makes lots of noise. ( This is the only sensor that disk for crank angle sensor revolve 2 revolution while crank shaft rotate 1 revolution. ) 2. Magnetic Sensor : If the electromagnetic power generated by coil is intercepted by revolution of a single-bodied camshaft with target wheel (normally outside of flywheel ), then the voltage is generated. The sensor is using this voltage for signal. 3. Hall type sensor : The circuit is included in the sensor inside. This sensor electron The circuit included inside the sensor discharge the electron. The single bodied crank shaft with target wheel (normally outside of fly wheel ) disturbs discharging of electron and generate the voltage. This voltage is used for signal In order to reduce the emission, injection should be finished before intake valve open. If the fuel is injected on the hot intake valve, then fuel is well vaporized and this helps good combustion. Therefore, cam signal is used to identify the cylinder number. In case of no spark time adjustment type,we can know it by comparing cam signal position with crank angle sensor.

  13. 1.2.2 The Methodology of Camshaft Angle Sensor Signal Measurement How to connect sensor : A and B channel can be used simultaneously. The plus of probe(Red color) should be connected with signal line of sensor and the minus(black color) should be connected with ground line of sensor. Carman scan Mode : Please perform following procedure on the screen, - Vehicle selectionSystem(ENG)CAM Part(F4 key)  Measuring Remark : Since both A and B channels can be used at the same time, it is better to measure crank and cam angle signal simultaneously. Sensor repair info view Normal valve About sensor Data analysis

  14. Malfunction of Camshaft Angle Sensor(1/2) Cause of trouble Trouble 1. Malfunction of CAM angle sensor or wiring circuit failure (Signal, Ground and Reference line) 2. Check valve timing. If it is not proper, please adjust it. 3. Cut off noise or remove cause of noise from CAM angle sensor 3.1 Shield CAM angle sensor wiring. 3.2 Check whether spark plug is original part or not (Resistance range : 2.0 - 4.5K) 1. The signal is always high or low. 2. The signal is intermittently missed(Invalid signal detection during 1 cycle). 3. The noise signal detection. Engine state 1. The engine problem is not occurred but GDI engine is not started. 2. CAM sensor error is intermittently detected with poor acceleration. 3. The engine vibration and stall are sometimes occurred and display DTC of normal part or non existed part 4. The ignition timing is out of control range and in case of LPG vehicle back-fire is occurred. Normal signal 1.2.3 Camshaft Angle Sensor Trouble type and Analysis (1/2) Upper signal in picture is CAM signal and sine signal is crank signal.

  15. Malfunction of Camshaft Angle Sensor (2/2) Signal wave when trouble detection 1.2.3 Camshaft Angle Sensor Trouble type and Analysis (2/2) 1. Always constant signal 3. The noise signal detection Avante, XG use this signal 2. Intermittently signal missing (CAM signal detection in long tooth duration:This is normal with Avante XD)

  16. Field example of CAM angle sensor trouble : Case of CAM signal delay Cause of trouble Trouble Ignition was retarded (about 9[deg]) due to wrong valve timing and CAM signal is detected just before long tooth. Avante DOHC vehicle is not accelerated and CAM error is sometimes detected. Related vehicles This phenomenon is occurred when CAM signal is identified before long tooth. Signal view 1.2.4 Camshaft Angle Sensor Field Service Example CAM signal was identified before long tooth but distance between CAM signal and long tooth was not over 1 tooth. The valve timing was wrong adjusted as 1 tooth. < Reference > The valve timing can be fast or delay by tensioner moving when acce leration Before valve timing adjustment After valve timing adjustment

  17. TPS About Sensor Sensor type Algorithm 1.3 Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) signal analysis 1.3.1 Introduction of TPS and principle TPS is the sensor to know how much accelerate the acceleration pedal. If the line of this sensor is broken, then more than 4.7V or 2.1V of constant signal voltage can be produced depending on ECU internal circuit.. Wiper type is the mostly used signal sensing type by now. In order to response to the driver’s will quickly, fuel injection is controlled depending on the acceleration speed and pedal value. If the pedal value is more than 50%, then oxygen sensor feedback control is stopped to control the engine with more torque. In case of sensor failure, intake air sensor is substituted for TPS. Therefore, fast accel and decel can not be detected with sensor failure and hesitation can be occurred.

  18. 1.3.2 The Methodology of TPS Signal Measurement Carman scan Mode : Please perform following procedure on the screen, - Vehicle selectionSystem(ENG)TPS Part(F4 key)  Measuring How to connect sensor : A and B channel can be used simultaneously. The plus of probe(Red color) should be connected with signal line of sensor and the minus(black color) should be connected with ground line of sensor. Remark : As it is possible to use A,B channels at the same time, it is better to measure TPS and intake air flow simultaneously. Sensor repair info view About Sensor Data analysis Normal value

  19. Malfunction of TPS (1/2) Cause of trouble Trouble 1. Malfunction of throttle position sensor or wiring circuit failure (Signal, Ground and Reference line) 2. Check ground line and connecting part. If there is something wrong, connect it correctly. If it is occurred again after repairing, ECU should be changed with latest version. (Many HMC vehicles have this problem) 3. Remove cause of noise 3.1 Shield sensor signal line. 3.2 Check whether spark plug is original part or not(Resistance range:2.0-4.5K) 1. The signal is always high or low. 2. The signal is intermittently missed(Micro cut-off occurrence). 3. The noise signal detection. 4. Even if idle state, ECU does not identify it. Engine state 1. The vehicle hesitation is occurred with acceleration. 2. Idle TPS adaptation value is less than TPS absolute value at normal idle and ECU doesn’t idle state even if real idle.Engine vibration is occurred with this phenomenon. 3. Emission is increased. 4. The vehicle hesitation and vibration are occurred with acceleration. Normal signal 1.3.3 TPS Trouble type and Analysis (1/2) As can as possible, TPS signal should be compared with MAF sensor signal. And check whether TPS & MAF signal are increased at the same time when acceleration.

  20. Malfunction of TPS (2/2) Signal wave when trouble detection 1.3.3 TPS Trouble type and Analysis (2/2) 1. Always constant signal 3. The noise signal detection 2. Intermittently signal missing (Micro cut-off occurrence)

  21. 1.Field example of TPS malfunction : Signal missing by micro cut off Cause of trouble Trouble TPS signal is cut off. Accent 1.3L SOHC vehicle not only doesn’t identify idle state but also vibration and stall are occurred. The hesitation is occurred with acceleration and scanner doesn’t recognize idle state even if vehicle is real idle. Related vehicle This phenomenon is occurred in HMC vehicle which TPS ground line is connected with ECU outside ( Accent 1.3/1.5L DOHC etc ) Signal view 1.3.4 TPS Field Service Example (1/2) TPS signal is sometimes “0” with normal MAF sensor signal.

  22. 2. Field example of TPS malfunction : Signal noise occurrence. Cause of trouble Trouble As connecting TCU, TPS signal noise is so much detected. ECU identify noise as fast acceleration, so it result in over fuel enrichment. The emission is increased so much in idle state with Coupe 2.0L vehicle. O2 sensor is normal feedback control but it is shifted to rich side. Related vehicle Vehicles which use same TPS wiring from TCU and ECU Signal view 1.3.4 TPS Field Service Example (2/2) TPS signal noise is so much detected “0” with normal MAF sensor signal. Signal view

  23. About Sensor Sensor type Algorithm 1.4 Intake Air Flow Sensor Signal Analysis 1.4.1 Introduction of Intake Air Flow Sensor and Algorithm This is the sensor to see how much air flow is coming into the cylinder. It is very important to calculate injection time. If the line is broken, then there are occasions when output voltage is over 4.7V depending on internal circuit like TPS. Mostly used sensors by now are the MAP sensor ( Intake manifold pressure check ), MAF (Mass Air Flow :the resistance is changed when heated tip is cooled by inducted air )and Karman Vortex (This sensor monitors vortices generated as the intake air flows past vortex generators. Air flow is calculated by the frequency of ultrasonic waves that are changed depending on the amount of vortices. ) The fuel quantity is decided by the air flow and the injector opening time decides fuel quantity. The calculated fuel amount is compensated more precisely by oxygen sensor feedback compensation. In case of air flow sensor error, the substitute value is calculated by engine speed and TPS.

  24. Sensor repair info view 1.4.2 The Methodology of Air Flow Sensor Signal Measurement Carman scan Mode : Please perform following procedure on the screen, - Vehicle selectionSystem(ENG)MAP Part(F4 key)  Measuring How to connect sensor : A and B channel can be used simultaneously. The plus of probe(Red color) should be connected with signal line of sensor and the minus(black color) should be connected with ground line of sensor. Remark : As it is possible to measure A,B channels, it is better to measure intake air flow and TPS simultaneously. Normal value About sensor Data analysis

  25. Malfunction of Air flow sensor Cause of trouble Trouble 1. Malfunction of air flow sensor or wiring circuit failure (Signal, Ground and Reference line) 2. Check ground line and connecting part.If there is something wrong,connect it. 1. The signal is always high or low. 2. The signal is intermittently constant. Engine state 1. Engine is hard to start. Even if it is started, vehicle hesitation is occurred when acceleration 2. Intermittently vehicle hesitation or engine stall is taken place. Normal signal Signal wave when trouble detection 1.4.3 Air Flow Sensor Trouble type and Analysis As can as possible, MAF signal should be compared with TPS signal. And check whether MAF and TPS signal are increased at the same time when acceleration. As can as possible, MAF signal should be compared with TPS signal. And check whether MAF and TPS signal are increased at the same time when acceleration.

  26. Field example of Air flow sensor malfunction :Abnormally high signal (Sensor is normal but signal is high) Cause of trouble Trouble High MAP signal was detected because internal EGR was increased by exhaust pipe blocking. Due to that, ECU identify big air flow and exhaust pressure make high. It led to over fuel enrichment and poor acceleration due to lack of power. Accent 2000MY vehicle is hard to start. Even if it is started, power is lack with acceleration and exhaust gas is black color. MAP signal is very high in idle state but scanner identify normal idle state. Related vehicle In case of MAP equipped vehicles,if exhaust pipe is blocked,this phenomenon is always occurred. MAP signal is increased proportion to exhaust pipe blocking status. Signal view 1.4.4 Air Flow Sensor Field Service Example Signal(1.9volt) is slightly higher than signal of no load racing(0.8 - 1.5volt)

  27. About Sensor Sensor type Algorithm 1.5 Oxygen sensor signal analysis 1.5.1 Introduction of oxygen sensor and priciple This is the sensor to compensate the fuel injection to get the stoichiometric air fuel ratio (14.6). The different voltage is generated depending on fuel richness ( oxygen richness ). According to this voltage variation, fuel injection is added or subtracted so that always relevant fuel is injected. Mostly used sensor now is the Zirconia ( It generate the voltage from 0V to 1V by oxygen richness ), Titania ( It generate different resistance by oxygen richness ) and UEGO sensor ( It is used for lean burn engine and it generate different current by oxygen richness ). Titania and Zirconia sensors are classified with and without heater. Oxygen sensor produce below 0.5V with rich oxygen( lean fuel) and over 0.5V with lean oxygen (rich fuel). Using this, ECU inject more fuel when oxygen sensor voltage is below 0.5V and reduce fuel as soon as voltage is over 0.5V. By continuing this control, supplied fuel is getting close to stoichiometirc air fuel ratio. This is the feedback control. In case of sensor failure, fuel is supplied by basic calculation.

  28. Sensor repair info view 1.5.2 The Methodology of O2 Sensor Signal Measurement How to connect sensor : A and B channel can be used simultaneously. The plus of probe(Red color) should be connected with signal line of sensor and the minus(black color) should be connected with ground line of sensor. Carman scan Mode : Please perform following procedure on the screen, - Vehicle selectionSystem(ENG)O2 sensor Part(F4 key)  Measuring Remark : As it is possible to measure A,B channels, it is better to measure TPS too. About Data analysis Normal value

  29. Malfunction of O2 sensor Cause of trouble Trouble 1. Malfunction of O2 sensor or wiring circuit failure (Signal, Ground and Reference line) 2. Check ground line and connecting part.If there is something wrong,connect it. 3. A/F ratio distribution is unstable with individual cylinder (Fuel gas is induced from outside) 4. O2 sensor tip is poisoned or exhaust gas temperature is too low. 1. The signal is always high or low. 2. The signal is intermittently constant 3. The switching is too fast. 4. The switching is too slow. Engine state 1,2 If acceleration pedal is worked before engine warm-up before, engine stall is occurred or power is lack. And also vehicle hesitation is taken place when fast acceleration. 3. Engine vibration is severe. In case of knock sensor equipped, power is lack and fuel economy make bad due to knock detection. 4. Engine stall is Sometimes occurred or exhaust gas is black with fast accel. Normal signal Signal wave when trouble detection 1.5.3 O2 Sensor Trouble type and Analysis As can as possible, O2 sensor signal should be compared with TPS signal. And check whether O2 sensor signal is switched or not when acceleration. If signal is switched, O2 sensor is normal. 1. Always constant 2. Slow szwithing 3. Fast switching

  30. 1. Field example of O2 sensor malfunction : Too fast signal switching Cause of trouble Trouble Vibration and knocking is decreased after repairing hydro tappet but it is still remained. It is cleared as using synthetic oil. Elantra 1.6 vehicle vibration is severe in idle state and heavy knocking is detected. O2 sensor signal is rapidly switched(Repeat high and low). Related vehicle Most vehicles are related, especially it is so much taken place when low quality is used during long time. (In case of solid tappet equipped engine,if tappet is not adjusted,it is occurred) Signal view 1.5.4 O2 Sensor Field Service Example (1/2) In case of too fast signal switching, it is due to abnormal tappet opening and canister closing etc.

  31. 2. Field example of O2 sensor malfunction : Too slow signal response Cause of trouble Trouble Due to insufficient O2 sensor light off, signal is low and ECU start feedback control at this time. ECU identify that fuel is lean with low signal and it result in over fuel enrichment. Accent 2000 MY vehicle hesitation or stall is taken place with acceleration after idling. At this time exhaust gas is black color and acceleration is poor. Related vehicle This phenomenon is frequently occurred with optical crank angle sensor (MELCO 52 pin ECU). Elantra, New sonata(1.8, 2.0L SOHC) etc. Signal view 1.5.4 O2 Sensor Field Service Example (2/2) Signal is stayed around 0.4 volt when problem occurrence. If acceleration pedal is continuously worked, signal is bigger and bigger as below picture by exhaust temperature. < Counteraction > O2 sensor is exchanged with heated type.Signal and ground line make connection same as before. And heater line is connected with after main relay and always operated with engine start. After this working, spark plug should be changed with new one and drive with high speed(2hours) to remove carbon in combustion chamber.

  32. About Injector Injector type Algorithm 1.6 Injector active signal analysis 1.6.1 Introduction of Injector and principle The fuel quantity is decided by the air flow and the injector opening time decides fuel quantity. The injector open by electromagnetic power and close by spring force. Since the electromagnetic power is depending on battery power, injector opening time is compensated by battery power. The principles of opening ( open by electromagnetic power and close by spring force )are mostly same. But it is classified into orifice and pintle type by injection hole. If the signal of crank angle sensor has the noise or broken signal, ECU stop the fuel injection until it get normal signal of crank angle sensor. Therefore, engine can be unstable or stall.

  33. Sensor repair info view 1.6.2 The Methodology of Injector Signal Measurement How to connect sensor : A and B channel can be used simultaneously. The plus of probe(Red color) should be connected with signal line of sensor and the minus(black color) should be connected with ground line of sensor. Carman scan Mode : Please perform following procedure on the screen, - Scope meter  Engine  Actuator Injection Measuring . Normal value About sensor Data analysis

  34. Malfunction of Injector Cause of trouble Trouble 1. Wiring circuit failure (Power supply and Ground line) 2. Crank angle sensor noise detection 3. Carbon accumulation in combustion chamber or fuel filter problem by other materials. 1. Injector is not opened. 2. Intermittently injector is not opened. 3. The clogging of injector. Engine state 1. Vehicle vibration is severe after start. 2. Vibration or engine stall is intermittently occurred. 3. Vehicle vibration is severe and engine sound is loud. Normal signal Signal wave when trouble detection 1.6.3 Injector Trouble type and Analysis Peak voltage and injector opening time is equal to individual cylinder without acceleration pedal. In case of clogging of injector or taking out from engine, it can be checked by O2 sensor signal. 1. Always constant 2. Injector is not opened 3. Clogging of injector

  35. 1. Field example of Injector malfunction : Clogging of injector tip Cause of trouble Trouble Valve overlap is too big (55 deg). Carbon make clogging of injector. Coupe 2.0L DOHC (Camshaft modified vehicle): Checked O2 sensor signal due to severe engine vibration. O2 sensor signal switching is too fast. Related vehicle Most vehicle which has big valve overlap and use injector exception pintle type make this phenomenon. Signal view 1.6.4 Injector Field Service Example (1/2) Abnormal O2 sensor signal. It is due to abnormal A/F distribution with individual cylinder. Fuel is not supplied in a certain cylinder. Even if injector is clogged, injector signal is normal on scanner.

  36. 2.Field example of Injector malfunction:Sometimes not opened injector Cause of trouble Trouble Abnormal crank angle signal is detected due to noise detection, so ECU cut off fuel injection . At this time problem is taken place. New sonata (MAP sensor) vehicle vibration is intermittently occurred and engine stall. This is not taken place regularly. Related vehicle This phenomenon is occurred with optical or magnetic type crank angle sensor. Signal view 1.6.4 Injector Field Service Example (2/2) O2 sensor signal is mainly below 0.5 volt(lean shift) but sometimes show above 0.5 volt(rich shift). We don’t know whether ECU identify noise detected crank angle signal. If injector is not opened, you can think that ECU identify noise signal. < Counteraction > Shield crank angle sensor signal line to prevent noise.

  37. 1.7 Ignition System Signal Analysis Refer to “Chapter 2 Application of Ignition Secondary Wave”

  38. About ISC valve ISC valve type Algorithm ISC valve ISC valve Control line Control line Control line Control line Control line GND Duty control Control line Engine speed Target speed Engine speed ISC valve opening 1.8 ISC valve control signal analysis 1.8.1 Introduction of ISC valve and principle ISC valve is the valve that bypass the air to keep constant engine speed when throttle valve is closed. ECU control only the opening of the valve and air is supplied by the under pressure in the surge tank.. Three mostly used type are DC type controlled by DC motor, Duty type controlled by duty and Step type controlled by the electromagnet Duty type (2 coil) Step motor type The ECU compare the engine speed with target speed and open or close the valve when engine speed is lower or higher than target. This compensation is composed of proportional, integral and differential term- so called PID control..

  39. 1.8.2 The Methodology of ISC Valve Signal Measurement How to connect sensor : A and B channel can be used simultaneously. The plus of probe(Red color) should be connected with signal line of sensor and the minus(black color) should be connected with ground line of sensor. Carman scan Mode : Please perform following procedure on the screen, - Scope meter  Engine  Actuator  ISC Measuring Sensor repair info view IAC valve IAC valve Data analysis Normal value About sensor

  40. Malfunction of ISC valve Cause of trouble Trouble 1. Wiring circuit failure (Power supply and Ground line) or Malfunction of TR in ECU 2. Wiring is normal but valve is not operated by carbon or step loss etc. (Step loss : The difference between ECU control and actual opening duty) 3. Carbon accumulation in air flow path 1. ISC is not opened. 2. Intermittently ISC is not opened. 3. The closing stuck of ISC valve. Engine state 1, Even if engine start is possible, it is stalled soon or severe vibration is occurred. (In case of BOSCH ISC, engine speed is stayed around 1500rpm) 2. If it is occurred with little opening,engine vibration or stall is taken place If it is occurred with big opening, engine is stayed with high speed. 3. As soon as engine is started, it is stalled. Normal signal Signal wave when trouble detection 1.8.3 ISC Valve Trouble type and Analysis ISC valve signal have difference according to which type is used. (Duty type / DC motor type / Step type) 1. Always constant 2. ISC valve stuck 3.ISC valve close stuck Although ISC valve is stuck with closed position ,signal is normal. So, it can be checked by actuator operation. “ Refer to chapter 5”

  41. 1. Field example of ISC malfunction : Clogging of ISC valve pintle 2. Field example of ISC malfunction : ISC valve step loss Cause of trouble Trouble Trouble Cause of trouble Leaking oil from turbo is mixed with carbon. It led to block ISC valve pintle. Trajet XG 2000MY stall is frequently occurred and engine start is hard. Trajet XG 2000MY vehicle: If engine stall is occurred, it is frequently taken place. Step between ECU control and actual opening have big difference. At this time, ISC valve adaptation is abnormal and opening duty is not controlled properly. So, this phenomenon is taken place. Related vehicle Related vehicle This is occurred with step motor malfunction or aging vehicle(Above 50,000 km/h) without step motor equipped. This is often occurred with duty type ISC valve equipped vehicles, especially 1 coil type is more frequent. Signal view Signal view 1.8.4 ISC Valve Field Service Example There is no problem in ISC signal, only ISC pintle is not operated. Carbon in pintle should be cleared. There is no problem in ISC signal, only ISC pintle is not operated. ISC valve should be cleaned after disassembling. And reset ISC adaptation value and stay idle state more than 10 minute. This step loss is not cleared completely. Although it is repaired or exchanged with new one, it may occur later.

  42. About Sensor Sensor Type Algorithm 1.9 Temperature sensor signal analysis 1.9.1 Introduction of temperature sensor signal and principle Coolant sensor is a sensor for detecting of how much engine is heated up and necessary to control injection/ignition/ISC valve depending on engine temperature. Because engine load is surely different depending on engine temperature. Intake air temperature sensor is used to calculate exact intake air flow and necessary for MAP sensor type. But it is often not to use it with MAF(Mass air flow )type. Some of MAP sensor include intake air temperature sensor inside and it is called T-MAP sensor. Mostly used type is a thermistor type that increase the resistance with high temperature and decrease the resistance with low temperature. . Intake air temp. sensor T_MAP sensor Coolant temp. sensor Intake air temperature sensor is a sensor for calculating intake air quantity more exactly. The coolant temp. sensor is to set different target of fuel(Air Fuel ratio)/target speed/ spark time in accordance with coolant temperature to compensate different engine load Target lambda area without feedback control depending on coolant temp Target ignition area depending on coolant temp. - idle status AF range Spark range Coolant Temp.

  43. 1.9.2 The Methodology of Temperature Sensor Signal Measurement How to connect sensor : A and B channel can be used simultaneously. The plus of probe(Red color) should be connected with signal line of sensor and the minus(black color) should be connected with ground line of sensor. Carman scan Mode : Please perform following procedure on the screen, - Scope meter  Engine  Sensor  WTS Measuring Sensor repair info view Coolant sensor Coolant sensor Coolant sensor Data analysis Normal value About sensor

  44. Malfunction of Temperature sensor Cause of trouble Trouble 1. Wiring circuit failure (Signal or Ground line open or shorted) 2. ECU internal circuit malfunction or temperature sensor position is not proper. 1. Signal line open circuit (Temperature is below -30 deg.C ) 2. Signal line short to ground (Temperature is above 127 deg.C ) 3. Temperature signal change is too fast. Engine state 1. Poor acceleration or exhaust gas is black due to over fuel enrichment. It is returned normal after 10 minute. 2. Intermittently idle rpm is oscillating (800 - 1000rpm). Normal signal Signal wave when trouble detection 1.9.3 Temperature Sensor Trouble type and Analysis Temperature sensor signal have difference according to which type is used. (Duty type / DC motor type / Step type) 1. Always constant 2. Temp. signal rapidly change

  45. Field example of Temp.sensor malfunction : Fast coolant signal change Cause of trouble Trouble Engine speed is oscillated by coolant temperature change due to ECU internal circuit malfunction. Idle engine speed is set with ECU data by coolant temperature in ECU. Accent 2000MY vehicle : Engine speed is oscillating from 800 to 1000rpm with idle state. Related vehicle Siemens ECU(52 pin) has sometimes problem but other ECU may have this phenomenon. Signal view 1.9.4 Temperature Sensor Field Service Example Engine speed is changed with coolant temperature oscillating. If actual coolant temperature is constant. The problem is still remained after TCO sensor change(3ea) but it is cleared after ECU change. If you want to measure temperature, please refer to “Chapter 4 Multi meter utilization”

  46. About Sensor Sensor type Algorithm 1.10 Knock sensor signal analysis 1.10.1 Introduction of knock sensor and algorithm The knock sensor employ the piezoelectric element or silicon that produce the signal(voltage) when it gets pressure. If there is knocking in the engine, then vibration is transformed to pressure vibration and it produces voltage. According to this voltage, knocking is detected. It is difficult to distinguish the knock sensor type by means of sensor shape. But the element to detect vibration may be different. Knock sensor The frequency of knocking signal is too fast(about 6 - 18Khz) to analyze it by ECU. Therefore, this signal is sampled by hardware and knocking is detected. But the frequency of bad engine vibration can be overlapped with frequency of knocking. So, too much knocking can be detected by engine vibration.

  47. 1.10.2 The Methodology of Knock Sensor Signal Measurement Carman scan Mode : Please perform following procedure on the screen, - Scope meter  Engine  Sensor  Knock Measuring How to connect sensor : A and B channel can be used simultaneously. The plus of probe(Red color) should be connected with signal line of sensor and the minus(black color) should be connected with ground line of sensor. Sensor repair info view Data analysis Normal value About sensor

  48. Malfunction of Knock sensor Cause of trouble Trouble 1. Wiring circuit failure (Signal or Ground line open or shorted) or knock sensor malfunction 2. A/F is different with individual cylinder.(Refer to 2.6injector trouble) 3. ECU internal circuit malfunction (Should be changed ECU) 1. Knocking signal is always constant (Signal line open or shorted) 2. Heavy knocking detection 3. Knock signal is normal but knock is not detected (Communication malfunction of knock signal in ECU) Engine state 1.If ECU detect knock sensor error, ignition is retarded(6-12deg). It result in lack of power and bad fuel economy. If ECU don’t detect error,ignition is not retarded even if knocking is occurred. 2 Too much ignition retard(6-12deg) make lack of power and bad fuel economy 3.Same as NO.1 description. Signal wave when trouble detection Normal signal 1.10.3 Knock Sensor Trouble type and Analysis Knock sensor signal have difference according to which type is used. (Duty type / DC motor type / Step type 1. Always constant 2. Heavy knocking detection Heavy knocking Abnormal : constant signal Normal signal Normal signal

  49. Field example of Knock sensor malfunction : Heavy knocking detection Cause of trouble Trouble Cylinder #1 intake valve is not opened properly due to malfunction of #1 rocker arm operation. It result in engine vibration and ignition retard by heavy knocking detection. So, ignition retard make lack of power and bad fuel economy. Trajet XG 2000MY vehicle: The power is lack with driving and fuel economy is bad. Related vehicle In case of knock sensor equipped vehicles, if engine state is unstable, it guess knocking detection. Signal view 1.10.4 Knock Sensor Field Service Example This signal can be also checked with O2 sensor signal. Knock signal with problem detection O2 sensor signal with problem detection Heavy knocking Normal signal Knock I.C exist in ECU. If it has malfunction, knocking detection is impossible. But ECU can detect whether it properly works or not.

  50. About Sensor Sensor Type Rotor rotate with the cable connected to driving shaft Algorithm VS sensor A hole for cable connection VS sensor(lead switch type) 1.11 Vehicle speed sensor signal analysis 1.11.1 Introduction of vehicle speed sensor and principle Vehicle speed sensor is a sensor that check wheel speed per second to calculate vehicle speed. It measures speed of body of rotation that directly connected with driving shaft. Mostly used vehicle speed sensor are lead type (switch on and off at every revolution )/ magnetic type and hall type. Magnetic and hall type is same principle as crank angle sensor. Vehicle speed is calculated by calculating how many voltage over the threshold(normally 1.0 - 2.5V) are generated at one second. If the noise signal is over the threshold, then it is recognized as vehicle speed. Vehicle speed signal is required for AT car to decide gear shifting level and for MT car to reduce the shock during fast acceleration by adjusting spark time and fuel depending on vehicle speed and gear level. ECU calculates the gear level using engine speed and vehicle speed.

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