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Disaster First Aid

Disaster First Aid. 1. Identify the “killers.” 2. Apply techniques for opening airways, controlling bleeding, and treating for shock. 3. Fractures/ Splinting 4. Burns 5. Head-to-Toe Assessments. Public Health Considerations. The primary public health measures include:

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Disaster First Aid

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  1. Disaster First Aid 1. Identify the “killers.” 2. Apply techniques for opening airways, controlling bleeding, and treating for shock. 3. Fractures/ Splinting 4. Burns 5. Head-to-Toe Assessments

  2. Public Health Considerations • The primary public health measures include: • Maintaining proper hygiene – wearing protective gloves • Maintaining proper sanitation • Purifying water if necessary

  3. Disaster First Aid • There are 3 phases of death from trauma: • Phase 1 – Death within minutes • Phase 2 – Death within several hours • Phase 3 – death in several days or weeks Phases 1 & 2 should be identified immediately

  4. Treatment of Life-Threatening Conditions The “Killers”: • Airway obstruction • Excessive bleeding • Shock

  5. Opening the Airway • Check for unresponsiveness • Place palm of one hand on forehead • Place two fingers of other hand under the chin* tilt chin upward while tilting head back slightly • Place ear over victim’s mouth, looking toward victim’s feet • Look, Listen & Feel for breathing

  6. Controlling Bleeding • Place direct pressure over the wound by putting a clean dressing over the wound and pressing firmly • Maintain pressure on the dressing over the wound by wrapping firmly with a pressure bandage • If needed, elevate wound above the level of the heart • Pressure Points are last resort

  7. Treating Impaled Objects Impaled Objects: • Immobilize. • Don’t move or remove. • Control bleeding. • Clean and dress wound. • Wrap.

  8. Treating Amputations • Control bleeding • Treat for shock • Save tissue parts, wrapped in clean cloth • Keep tissue cool • Keep tissue with the victim

  9. Wound Care • Control bleeding • Prevent secondary infection • Clean wound—don’t scrub • Apply dressing and bandage

  10. Signs of Shock • Signs Include: • Rapid & Shallow Breathing • Capillary Refill of greater than 2 seconds • Failure to follow simple commands • Changes in skin color

  11. Treatment & Prevention of Shock • Lay victim on back • Elevate feet 10-12 inches above level of heart • Maintain open airway • Control obvious bleeding • Maintain body temperature

  12. Indicators of Injury • Bruising • Swelling • Severe pain • Disfigurement Provide immediate treatment for life-threatening injuries!

  13. Treating Fractures, Dislocations, Sprains, and Strains • Objective: Immobilize the injury and joints above and below the injury. • If questionable, treat as a fracture.

  14. Treating an Open Fracture • Do not draw exposed bones back into tissue. • Do not irrigate wound.

  15. Treating an Open Fracture DO: • Cover wound. • Splint fracture without disturbing wound. • Place a moist 4" x 4" dressing over bone end to prevent drying.

  16. Guidelines for Splinting • Support the injured area. • Splint injury in the position that you find it. • Don’t try to realign bones. • Check for color, warmth, and sensation. • Immobilize above and below the injury.

  17. Classification of Burns • First degree • Second degree • Third degree

  18. Treating Burns • Cool the burned area. • Cover to reduce infection.

  19. Head-to-Toe Assessment • Head • Neck • Shoulders • Chest • Arms • Abdomen • Pelvis • Legs • Back

  20. Triage • Do the most good for the most people in the shortest amount of time • Sort people into triage categories • Immediate • Delayed • Minor • Dead

  21. Triage Assessment • Compound Fracture, Left femur • Respirations over 30/min • Radial pulse present • Awake IMMEDIATE

  22. Triage Assessment • 90% Second Degree burns • Respirations none (Repositioned airway twice) • Radial pulse present • Unconscious DECEASED

  23. Triage Assessment • Impaled stick in arm • Respirations under 30/min • Capillary refill under 2 sec. • Awake • Walked to you MINOR

  24. Triage Assessment • Unable to move legs • Respirations under 30/min • Radial pulse present • Awake and Alert DELAYED

  25. Triage Assessment • Amputated left arm, bleeding controlled • Respirations under 30/min • Capillary refill under 2 seconds • Awake DELAYED

  26. Triage Assessment • Bruise on forehead, blood in ears and nose • Respirations under 30/min • Radial pulse present • Awake and but unable to focus their attention. IMMEDIATE

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