1 / 28

Japan: Rise of the Shogun & The Samurai

Japan: Rise of the Shogun & The Samurai. 1185 -1600 CE. Heian Government – the Emperor Loses Control. A series of child emperors allowed regents to take power from the emperor.

nico
Télécharger la présentation

Japan: Rise of the Shogun & The Samurai

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Japan:Rise of the Shogun & The Samurai 1185 -1600 CE

  2. Heian Government – the Emperor Loses Control • A series of child emperors allowed regents to take power from the emperor. • The Fujiwara clan became the ruling family of Heian. They controlled the emperor by keeping him focussed on studying Buddhism and writing poetry. • To prevent the daimyo from removing them from power, the Fujiwara gave over control of Japans lands to the daimyo clans. • These clans began to fight each other for ultimate control of Japan.

  3. Kamakura: A New, Less Gentle Japan • The Gempei Wars between the Taira vs Minamoto clans were fought in1158-1185 AD. • Minamoto Yoritomo was named “shogun” by the emperor to keep him from making himself emperor.

  4. Kamakura: A New, Less Gentle Japan Shogun:(pronounced show goon) • Officially the Emperor’s Military Leader • In Reality the Emperor’s Military Overlord • New leadership rejects the decadent culture of Heian

  5. Kamakura Bakufu(tent government) • Military might and military virtues win the day for Kamakura • New government center at Kamakura • Away from emperor’s court at Heian Kamakura Period Samurai Warrior

  6. Kamakura Bakufu Government:Lord-Retainer System Feudalism Japan’s system fits the patron-client pattern: • Patron provides leadership, resources, and membership in a protective group • Client reciprocates with loyalty, obedience and service

  7. Kamakura Bakufu Government:Feudalism Shogun’s government structure: • Classic Patron-client, or Lord-retainer system • Shogun accepts allegiance (oaths of loyalty) from lesser lords • Each lord supported by corps of samurai retainers who swear allegiance to him. • Lords provide leadership and resources • Retainers provide military service, loyalty, and obedience to their lord

  8. The Ashikaga Shogunate • In 1333 a revolt by dissatisfied samurai led to the rise of the Ashikaga shogunate. • The Ashikaga shoguns did not hold as tight a reign on Japan as the Minamoto had. • By the mid 1400’s the Ashikaga’s rule had broken down and Japan entered a period of civil warfare known as the Onin Wars which lasted for 100 years.

  9. Samurai Culture:Emergence of Bushido Bushido: the way of the warrior • Japan’s “chivalry” code • Discipline • Loyalty • Self-cultivation • Martial arts, philosophy, and literary arts Painting representing the Gempei Wars

  10. Loyalty is the core virtue of Bushido During Kamakura period loyalty may not have been as absolute Lords paid retainers with grants of land from their han(domain or fief) Samurai became independent landowners with financial incentives separate from the interests of their lord During times of severe stress the clash between ideological loyalty and financial interest becomes obvious Samurai Culture:Emergence of Bushido

  11. Bushido: Japan's code of chivalry Emphasis on loyalty and self cultivation Different values system from European chivalry Unlike European chivalry No concept of special place for women No “gentlemanly” respect for, protection of, or deference to the “weaker” sex Kamakura Samurai Armor Samurai Culture:Emergence of Bushido

  12. Bushido Culture Strong sense of responsibility Ritualistic and formal Seppuku: • Ritual suicide to accept responsibility for grievous error

  13. Weaponry: Swords Bow and Arrow Also Spears For mounted samurai Samurai

  14. Kamakura:Japan under attack Mongol invasions: • 1274 & 1281 Divine Winds: or Kamikaze save Japan at the last moment

  15. Kamakura PeriodContinues: 1281-1467 • Remaining 200 years of Kamakura Japan relatively stable • 1467 Kamakura system collapses into Civil War • Major lords battle for dominance and power

  16. Warring States Period:1467-1568 CE 100 years of civil war • Changes in Bushido and lord-retainer system • Dramatic changes in social structure • Change in economic structure

  17. Changes in Lord-retainer System & Bushido Early on Samurai retainers rewarded with land • Creates incentive to protect personal property • To preserve property for heirs • Ideological commitment to LOYALTY conflicts with self interest • Self-interest often wins • Samurai not always loyal

  18. Changes in Lord-retainer System & Bushido By the end of Warring States: • Samurai paid with stipends – not land • Stipends only paid so long as lord and lord’s estate remain intact • Samurai’s ideological loyalty reinforced by financial self interest • Loyalty becomes far more absolute

  19. 0nly 200 Daimyo (great names) remain All surviving Daimyo swear allegiance to new Shogun Daimyo: Japan’s feudal Lords from 1600s forward Han: The autonomously governed fief or domain of a Daimyo Changes in Lord-retainer System & Bushido

  20. Social and Economic Change War with Swords, Bows, and Spears Siege tactics Castles emerge Castle towns Japan Urbanizes

  21. Castle Towns and Urbanization • New Castle towns • Produce markets • Merchants • Cash-crop agriculture

  22. Castle Towns and Urbanization Service sector develops • Craftsmen • Sword smiths • Blacksmiths • Artisans • Artists • Education • Entertainers • Geisha • Kabuki Theater • No Puppet Theater

  23. Kabuki Theater Wood block printing Arts No Puppet theater

  24. Warring States Results • Japan as a nation of cities • Castle • Market Towns built around castles • Japan developing formal arts • Japan’s Bushido culture aligning ideas of loyalty with reality of financial self-interest • Strong military ethic dominates culture

More Related