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REPRODUCING PLANTS

REPRODUCING PLANTS. CHAPTER 8 AGRISCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. Modified by Georgia Agricultural Education Curriculum Office . July, 2002. TYPES OF PLANT REPRODUCTION.

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REPRODUCING PLANTS

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  1. REPRODUCING PLANTS CHAPTER 8 AGRISCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Modified by Georgia Agricultural Education Curriculum Office July, 2002

  2. TYPES OF PLANT REPRODUCTION • SEXUAL REPRODUCTION - Involves using seed to propagate plants. Flowers are important because they contain the reproductive organs. • ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION - Involves reproducing plants by using vegetative parts of the plant. Results in clones (genetically like their parents).

  3. KINDS OF SEED • MONOCOT - Plants having seed with one seed leaf, known as a cotyledon. Examples are corn, wheat, rice and all grasses. • DICOT - Plants that have seed with two cotyledon. Examples are tomatoes, beans, petunias and carnations.

  4. PARTS OF A BEAN SEED • EXTERNAL • Seed coat - Outer covering of the seed • Hilum - Where the seed was attached in the pod. • Micropyle - Tiny opening near the seed scar where the pollen entered the ovule to form the seed.

  5. PARTS OF A BEAN SEED • INTERNAL: • Cotyledons - Bean seed has two; contain food for the embro. • Radicle - Becomes the root system of the plant. • Hypocotyl - Connects the radicle and the cotyledons. • Epicotyl - Forms the stem of the plant. • Plumule - Develops the above-ground part of the plant (embryonic leaves).

  6. PARTS OF A MONOCOT SEED: CORN • EXTERNAL: • Seed coat - Protects the embryo. • Seed scar - Where the corn grain was attached to the cob. • Silk scar - Opposite side of the grain from the seed scar.

  7. PARTS OF A MONOCOT SEED : CORN • INTERNAL : • Endosperm - Where the food is stored for the embyo. • Radicle - Becomes the root system. • Hypocotyl - Connects the radicle with the food source. • Epicotyl - Forms the stem. • Cotyledon - Does not store food; absorbs food from the endosperm. • Plumule - Develops into leaves.

  8. PARTS OF A COMPLETE FLOWER • Sepals - Outer part of the flower; covers the bud and protects it as it develops. • Petals - Located just inside the sepals; attract insects which help with the fertilization process. • Stamens - Male part of the flower; contains an anther that produces pollen, or sperm. • Pistil - Female part of the flower; contains the stigma

  9. FLOWERS • PERFECT FLOWERS - Contain the stamen and pistil in the same flower. • IMPERFECT FLOWERS - Flowers that lack either the stamen or pistil. • Exception: Monoecious plants may have both male and female imperfect flowers on them. Corn is an example.

  10. POLLINATION • Transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma of a flower of the same species. • Pollen may be moved by wind, insects, birds and other natural means. • Cross-pollination - When two different plants are involved. • Self-pollination - Involves flowers on the same plant.

  11. TYPES OF FRUIT • FLESHY FRUIT - Have large fibrous structures surrounding the seed; apples, pears, blackberries, oranges and grapes are examples. • DRY FRUIT - Fruit develops as a pod or in a hull; beans, peas, peanuts and cotton are examples of dry fruit. Pecans, acorns, corn, oats, wheat, elm trees are examples of hulls.

  12. GERMINATION TESTING • When a number of seeds sprout out of a set amount is called a germination test. • Helps in determining the number of seeds to plant. • Soil is the most widely growing medium; however greenhouses usually use “artificial” media.

  13. CONDITIONS FOR SEED GERMINATION • MUST HAVE THE FOLLOWING: • MOISTURE • TEMPERATURE • OXYGEN

  14. BENEFITS OF VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION • True traits of parents - Assures that the new plant is identical to its parents. • No seed - Some plants do not produce seed: an example is seedless grapes.

  15. EXAMPLES OF VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION USING BELOW GROUND PARTS • Potatoes are cut into sections with buds (eyes) and planted. • Bulbs or corms are planted; multiply and new bulbs are pulled apart and planted separately.

  16. METHODS OF ABOVE GROUND PROPAGATION • LAYERING - Involves getting roots to grow from the stems of plants • CUTTING - Involves using a short section of plant stem for propagation. • BUDDING - Involves taking a bud from one plant and moving it to another. • GRAFTING - Involves placing a section of the stem of one plant onto another plant.

  17. QUALITIES OF GOOD SEED • Purity - Contains only seed intended. • Contamination - Free of trash • Percent germination - Should be 90-100 % • Uniformity - Same size and shape • Damage - Seed coats should not be cracked • Free of disease - Healthy • Treatment - Treated to prevent disease • Reputation of grower and dealer

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