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The U.S. Approach to Standards and Code Development

The U.S. Approach to Standards and Code Development. Key Terms / Concepts. Standards and Model Codes

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The U.S. Approach to Standards and Code Development

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  1. The U.S. Approach to Standards and Code Development

  2. Key Terms / Concepts Standards and Model Codes Market-drivenspecifications for a product, service, person, process or system, with which compliance is voluntary(In this presentation, standards and model codes will be referred to collectively as “standards”) Technical Regulationsand Codes Mandatoryspecifications, which may include (or reference) particular standards, model codes, and/or conformity assessment procedures

  3. Top Down Bottom Up U.S. Standards System Standards bodies drive standardization activities Standards users drive standardization activities

  4. Emphasizes private-sector standards solutions Relies on private-sector compliance verification for both regulatory and non-regulatory functions Empowers standards users (companies, consumers, etc.) to influence what standards will be developed and used in the market U.S. Standards and Conformity Assessment System comparison with many other economies

  5. U.S. Standards and Conformity Assessment SystemReliable - Flexible - Responsive • Market driven • Flexible and sector-based • Industry-led and government-supported As defined in the United States Standards Strategy, this system is designed to . . . • Support stakeholder engagement • Address emerging priorities • Allow stakeholders to find custom-fit solutions www.us-standards-strategy.org

  6. Guiding Principles The U.S. endorses the globally accepted standardization principles of the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade Agreement and Related Decisions: Transparency Openness Impartiality and Consensus Effectiveness and Relevance Coherence Development Dimension

  7. U.S. Standards SystemDifferent tools for developing globally-relevant standards .

  8. Overview of the U.S. System

  9. Key organizations: ANSI ANSI is the “Umbrella Organization” for and coordinator of the U.S. voluntary standards system. Duties and responsibilities include: • Develop and promote U.S. policies and positions • Represent the U.S. in ISO, IEC and other International and Regional fora • Accredit SDOs and approve American National Standards (ANS) • Provide standards solutions domestically and internationally

  10. Academia Individuals Government Manufacturing Trade Associations Professional Societies Service Organizations Standards Developers Consumer and Labor Interests and many more Members of the ANSI Federation include . . . The ANSI Federation represents more than 125,000 companies and organizations and 3.5 million professionals worldwide

  11. ANSI International Engagement ANSI champions U.S. interests through several international, regional and bilateral standardization fora: • ANSI serves as the official U.S. member and sets policy for U.S. participation in the • International Organization for Standardization (ISO) • International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) • ANSI serves as the official U.S. member of regional bodies, including • Pan American Standards Commission (COPANT) • Pacific Area Standards Congress (PASC) • The Institute has a dialogue with representatives of the European Standards Organizations (CEN, CENELEC and ETSI), the European Commission and EFTA • ANSI has MOUs with various countries around the world (including Vietnam) to coordinate Standardization and Conformity Assessment activities

  12. Standards Developing Organizations (SDOs) • Responsible for the development of standards for the specific technical sectors • Some, but not all, are ANSI-accredited standards developers • Can administer U.S. mirror committees to ISO and IEC • ANSI-accredited Technical Advisory Groups (TAGs) to ISO • U.S. National Committee (USNC)-approved TAGs to IEC • Private trade and professional organizations, generally non-profit • Business models vary by sector

  13. Examples of ANSI-Accredited Standards Developers and TAGs ASTM International American Society of MechanicalEngineers International Code Council American Dental Association NationalElectrical Manufacturers Association National Fire Protection Association Society of Automotive Engineers Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers Underwriters Laboratories Inc. American Society of Civil Engineers American Petroleum Institute And more than 200 additional organizations

  14. Consensus Standards Development Process This graphic was Initially Presented at the 2006 NIST SIT Program workshop with Iraq “Standards and Codes for the Construction Sector”

  15. ANSI Essential Requirements The ANSI Essential Requirements are used to accredit the standards development processes of SDOs and to Distinguish American National Standards (ANS) • Balance: The standards development process should have a balance of interests. Participants from diverse interest categories shall be sought with the objective of achieving balance. • Consensus: Substantial agreement (more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity) has been reached by directly and materially affected interest categories.Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that an effort be made toward their resolution. • Due Process: Any person (organization, company, government agency, individual, etc.) with a direct and material interest has a right to participate by: a) expressing a position and its basis, b) having that position considered, and c) having the right to appeal.

  16. ANSI Essential Requirements (2) • Openness/Transparency: Participation shall be open to all persons who are directly and materially affected by the activity in question. Records and processes shall be open and publicly available. • Lack of dominance: The standards development process shall not be dominated by any single interest category, individual or organization. • Coordination and harmonization: Good faith efforts shall be made to resolve potential conflicts between and among existing American National Standards and candidate American National Standards. • Notification of standards development: Notification of standards activity shall be announced in suitable media as appropriate to demonstrate an opportunity for participation by all directly and materially affected persons.

  17. Model Code Development Cycle This graphic was Initially Presented at the 2006 NIST SIT Program workshop with Iraq “Standards and Codes for the Construction Sector”

  18. National Institute for Standards and Technology • Is a non-regulatory government agency within the U.S. Department of Commerce and was founded in 1901, it is the national measurement (metrology) institute for the United States • Coordinates government’s technical standards activities and conformity assessment activities with those of the private sector • provides guidance to federal agencies on the participation in and use of voluntary standards (although NIST does not have control or oversight over other federal agencies in their standardization activities) • Contributes considerable technical input into the development of voluntary consensus standards through participation in international and U.S-based standardization activities • Houses the National Center for Standards and Certification Information (NCSCI) that serves as the U.S. WTO/TBT enquiry point

  19. U.S. Regulatory Agencies • Safeguard environment, health, and safety as well as national security • Use private sector standards whenever possible and work with the private sector as equal partners to develop appropriate standards where none exist • Develop government-unique standards only as a last resort (Under U.S. law – the National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act of 1995 (NTTAA) (Public Law 104-113)) . There are approximately 6,000 references to private sector standards in U.S. federal regulations. • Provide significant technical information for the development of voluntary standards in areas critical to the health, safety and well-being of citizens

  20. Key organizations in the U.S. System *Documentary Standards, excluding “national participation models”

  21. Summary of the U.S. System “The Drivers” Companies, Government Agencies and other Standards Users “The Vehicle” Standards Developers & Conformity Assessment Bodies “The Road” ANSI

  22. For more information American National Standards Institute HeadquartersOperations 1819 L Street, NW 25 West 43rd Street Sixth Floor Fourth Floor Washington, DC 20036 New York, NY 10036 T: 202.293.8020 T: 212.642.4900 F: 202.293.9287 F: 212.398.0023 www.ansi.org | webstore.ansi.org | www.nssn.org www.standardsportal.org

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