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Clauses: Kinds and Types Coordination and Subordination

Clauses: Kinds and Types Coordination and Subordination. Language Network Pg. 92. Kinds of Clauses. Independent Clause – Contains a subject, a verb, conveys a complete thought, and is also know as a complete sentence

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Clauses: Kinds and Types Coordination and Subordination

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  1. Clauses: Kinds and TypesCoordination and Subordination Language Network Pg. 92

  2. Kinds of Clauses • Independent Clause – Contains a subject, a verb, conveys a complete thought, and is also know as a complete sentence • Subordinate Clause - Contains a subject and a verb but does not express a complete thought.

  3. Types of Clauses • Adjective Clause – is a subordinate clause used as an adjective to modify a noun or pronoun • Adverb Clause – is a subordinate clause used as an adverb to modify an adjective, adverb, or a verb • Noun Clause – is a subordinate clause used as a noun.

  4. Coordination • Coordination is used to join two independent clauses together. • The sentences are joined with a coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS: For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So) + a comma.

  5. Examples • Two independent clauses: The Daily Show is popular. It is more entertaining than reality. • Joined through coordination: The Daily Show is popular, and it is more entertaining than reality.

  6. Subordination • A subordinate clause (dependant clause) contains a subject and a verb, but does not express a complete thought. • Like coordination, subordination is a way to join short sentences with related ideas into a longer, more sophisticated sentence.

  7. Examples • Subordinate clause: because he was accepted into the Officer Training Program • *If we left that sentence alone, it would be called a fragment. Why? • We will join this subordinate clause to an independent clause to make it a complete thought. We join subordinate clauses with subordinating conjunctions!

  8. Example and Subordinating Conjunctions • Example: Patti is proud of her son because he was accepted into the Officer Training Program • Subordinating conjunctions: After, Although, As, Because, Before, Until, When, Where, While, Since, and there are others.

  9. Where does the subordinating clause go in a sentence? • When a subordinate clause ends the sentence, it usually does not need to be preceded by a comma (,). • You can also put a subordinating conjunction and a subordinating clause at the beginning of a new sentence. When the dependant clause comes first, use a comma to separate it from the rest of the sentence.

  10. Example • When I eat out, I usually have steak. • Identify the subordinating conjunction, subordinating clause, and the independent clause.

  11. Answers… • When (Subordinating conjunction) • I eat out (Subordinating clause) • I usually eat steak. (Independent clause) Who are my winners?

  12. Why do we need to know this? • Using subordination creates variety in your sentence structure, and gives your writing style.

  13. There are other ways to create variety • You can use a prepositional phrase, infinitive phrase, participle phrase, and a gerund phrase to start any sentence! • Prepositional phrase: Through the woods • Infinitive phrase (to + a verb) To win is my passion • Participle phrase: The screaming goat was caught in the fence. • Gerund phrase: Swimming is my worst fear • Appositive Phrase: Sharon, my friend.

  14. Adjective Clauses • Essential and nonessential adjective clauses: • “That” is used to introduce an essential clause (No comma) • “Which” is used to introduce a nonessential clause. (Comma) • Adjectives tell: which one, how many, how much, or what kind • A subordinate clause that is used to modify a noun or pronoun. • Words that introduce adjective clauses: who, whom, whose, that, which, when, where, why.

  15. Adverb Clauses • Subordinative conjunctions are used to introduce an adverb clause. Look on pg. 96 at the table for examples. • Adverbs tell: where, why, how, when, or to what degree something was done • A subordinate clause used to modify a verb, adjective or adverb

  16. Classwork: On pg. 97, 1-10 A. Write the adjective or adverb clause and the word those modify. Example: • Who have family trees / ones

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