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Chapter 2

Chapter 2. Earliest (original) US popular forms (18 th C) Minstrelsy (1840s-80s, and beyond) Stephen Foster – 1 st US popular composer Bands – Brass and other Tin Pan Alley – the Sheet Music Industry Ragtime (1880s-1910s) – syncopated piano Phonograph – modern technology.

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Chapter 2

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  1. Chapter 2 • Earliest (original) US popular forms (18th C) • Minstrelsy (1840s-80s, and beyond) • Stephen Foster – 1st US popular composer • Bands – Brass and other • Tin Pan Alley – the Sheet Music Industry • Ragtime (1880s-1910s) – syncopated piano • Phonograph – modern technology

  2. b. Pittsburgh, d. NYC(never in the South) 1st US professional song composer (“popular”) Over 200 songs Sold outright (no royalties) Hardworking “craftsman” Incredibly popular Marginally successful Stephen Foster(Memorial at U of Pitt ) Stephen Foster(1826-1864)

  3. “Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair” Ex.: Jeanie With The Light Brown Hair - YouTube

  4. “Jeanie” (p. 3-4)

  5. “Jeanie” (p. 5-6)

  6. Form of “Jeanie” Introduction (4 mm) “A1” Phrase – (4 mm) incomplete cadence “A2” Phrase – (4 mm) modulates to dominant “B” Phrase – (4 mm) new melody “A3” Phrase – (4 mm) strong cadence in tonic Repeat for each new stanza Coda

  7. Dance Music & (Brass) Bands • Social activity for upper classes (& wannabes) • Balls based in European social practices- formal dress & strict etiquette- pre-selected list of dances (group & couples) • Dance types include: Cotillion (Promenade), Waltz, Polka, Mazurka, Two-Step, One-Step • Rural imitations much less formal

  8. Civil War Bands (and After)

  9. “Town Bands” Danville, KY: Advocate-Messenger Brass Band Allentown (PA) Band(since 1828!)

  10. “Business Bands” Professional Concert Bands 50+ members (winds, brass & percussion) Sousa Band – most famous- John Philip Sousa (US Marine Band)- independent concert band Touring Ensemble (US & the World) Recording – early cylinders and records(Sousa opposed “mechanical music”)

  11. The Sousa Band Sousa Band (c. 1900) John Philip Sousa(1854-1932)

  12. United States Marine Band“The President’s Own”

  13. Band Music Examples Civil War Brass Band Re-creation – YouTube Allentown Band Documentary- Allentown Band - Seg 1 – Introduction - YouTube - Allentown Band - Seg 2 – YouTube- Allentown Band - Seg 3 - YouTube- Allentown Band - Seg 4 – YouTube Orlando Concert Band- Orlando Concert Band Documentary- "Jingle Celebration" - Orlando Concert Band Brass

  14. “The Stars and Stripes Forever” • BA2104 Stars and Stripes Forever - Sousa's Band.wmv – YouTube (Edison Cylinder) • SOUSA The Stars and Stripes Forever - "The President's Own" U.S. Marine Band – YouTube • Form of SSF: - Introduction - 1st Strain (16mm, repeated) - 2nd Strain (16 mm, repeated) - Trio w/ “dogfight” (repeat Trio w/ piccolo solo), (repeat “dogfight”), (repeat Trio w/ piccolos & brass countermelody)

  15. “Tin Pan Alley” • Music Publishing Industry in NYC (28th St) • Music as commodity- for home use- sold everywhere • Public performances- Music Halls- Vaudeville • “Song Pluggers”

  16. Sheet Music 1st “mega-hit” Charles K. Harris (1892) J Aldrich Libby sang inA Trip to Chinatown Verse (tells the story) Chorus (repeats exactly) Examples- Charles K. Harris - After the Ball – YouTube (c. 1920s)- After The Ball - Joan Morris (mezzo-soprano) with William Bolcom (piano) [Text, p. 59-61]

  17. “Ragtime” (c. 1896-1918) Origins in imitations ofAf-Am styles & rhythms “Coon Songs” Use of syncopation- regular beat in LH (bass)- shifting accents in RH (melody) Sectional form (like a march) Emulated by white composers, e.g., Irving Berlin Ex. HQ - Piano - "All Coons Look Alike to Me" – YouTube Ex. Alexander's Ragtime Band Columbia A1032 - YouTube Ernest Hogan (1865-1909)

  18. Scott Joplin1867/8-1917 Leading Composer of Ragtime Pianist in St. Louis & Midwest “Ragged” style (influences of)- improvisation- brass bands “Maple Leaf Rag” (1898) Sheet music & player piano rolls Ex. Maple Leaf Rag Played by Scott Joplin - YouTube

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