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Origins of Progressivism

Ms. Garratt Chapter 9: Sections 1-2 (pp. 305-316. Origins of Progressivism. Reform Movement led by the middle class to solve some of the problems caused by: Industrialization Urbanization Political Corruption From both pol parties What did Progressives want?

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Origins of Progressivism

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  1. Ms. Garratt Chapter 9: Sections 1-2 (pp. 305-316 Origins of Progressivism

  2. Reform Movement led by the middle class to solve some of the problems caused by: • Industrialization • Urbanization • Political Corruption • From both pol parties • What did Progressives want? Response to laissez-faire system Great government involvement to solve problems cause by the above. What Is progressivism?

  3. Muckrakers were journalists that investigated problems and exposed corruption, muck… They exposed the underbelly of society and politics through articles & photography. Progressives responded to what the muckrakers uncovered. Who are muckrakers

  4. Upton Sinclair – the jungle - meat • Exposed meatpacking conditions. • Read excerpt on page 317 • His book will lead to the 1906 Meat Inspection Act

  5. Jacob Riis – How the other half lives

  6. Riis Continued - Poverty

  7. Lincoln Steffens - corruption

  8. Ida Tarbell • Exposed ruthless business practices Rockefeller used to drive competitors out of business & establish monopolies

  9. Ida B. Wells - Lynchings

  10. Social Welfare & Reform • Jane Addams & Hull House • Social Gospel Movement • Salvation Army • YMCA • Florence Kelley (Illinois Factory Act & Nat’l Consumers’ League) • Nat’l Child Labor Commission (NCLC)

  11. Temperance Movement • Frances Willard and WCTU • “do everything” slogan • Kindergartens for immigrants • Visiting prisons & asylums • Anti-Saloon League • Caused tensions with immigrants • Carrie Nation – Hatchet lady Promoting morality

  12. Mark Twain maxim • “Temperate temperance is best. Intemperate temperance injures the cause of temperance, while temperate temperance helps it in its fight against intemperate intemperance. Fanatics will never learn that, though it be written in letters of gold across the sky.”- Notebook, 1896

  13. Economic reform • Big business & monopolies targeted. • Severe economic depression in 1893 led some to question the capitalist system. • Labor leader Eugene V. Debs organizes first socialist party • “Competition was natural enough at one time, but do you really think you are competing today.”

  14. Louis Brandeis • Louis Brandeis –used data to defend Oregon law that limited women’s workday to 10 hours. • Used data to show how long hours were detrimental to people and society. • “Brandeis brief” would become a model for reform litigation

  15. Efficiency in the workplace • Scientific Management – faith in scientific principles to make society & the work place more efficient. • Assembly line • Ford & $5 day & first 8-hour day

  16. Protecting women & children • Children more prone to accidents. • National Child Labor Comm sent investigators to gather evidence of harsh conditions. • Keating-Owen Act • Muller v. Oregon • Workers’ Compensation in the event of death 1902

  17. Political machines Galveston Commission style city-government Council-manager government Political reform at the local level

  18. Political reform at the state • Robert “Fighting Bob” La Follette • Major target >railroad industry • Initiative • Referendum • Recall • Primary election • Success of primary election will lead to 17th amendment – this put power into the people’s hands rather than corrupt party bosses

  19. Progressive Amendments (16th - 19th)

  20. 17th Amendment-Direct Election of Senators • This allows senators to be directly elected by popular vote • Necessary due to corruption by political machines. • People, not the party bosses, choose their US senators

  21. 18th Amendment – Prohibition- Volsted Act

  22. Farm work • Industry (25% of whom worked in garment industry • Triangle Shirtwaist Factory • Worked in offices, stores, clerics • Required HS diploma, more women had them in 1890 than men • 70% were domestics Women and reform

  23. 19th Amendment – Women’s Suffrage

  24. Women & reform • Seneca Falls Convention 1848 • Suffrage • Susan B. Anthony • Elizabeth Cady Stanton • NWSA • Suffrage opposed by liquor & garment interests & others opposed to changing role of women.

  25. 1. Convince state legislators • Successful in CO, UT, ID & WY • 2. Challenge legal decisions using the 14th amendment “equality under the law.” • 3. Push for a national amendment Strategy for women’s suffrage

  26. This is your job summary

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