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GEMSTONES Tayana Panova

GEMSTONES Tayana Panova. DIAMONDS. Facts. Month – April

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GEMSTONES Tayana Panova

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  1. GEMSTONESTayanaPanova

  2. DIAMONDS

  3. Facts • Month – April • “A diamond is the hardest natural substance on earth, but if it is placed in an oven and the temperature is raised to about 763 degrees Celsius (1405 degrees Fahrenheit), it will simply vanish, without even ash remaining. Only a little carbon dioxide will have been released.” • “Diamonds are formed over a period of a billion or more years deep within earth’s crust” • “Most diamonds are found in volcanic rock, called Kimberlite, or in the sea after having been carried away by rivers when they were pushed to the surface.” • “diamonds are brittle. If hit hard with a hammer, a diamond will shatter or splinter.” • Diamonds actually are found in abundance; thousands are mined every year. 80% of them are not suitable for jewelery – they are used in industry or in cheap rings. http://didyouknow.org/diamonds/

  4. PEARLS

  5. Facts • Month – June • “Formed when an irritant such as a tiny stone or bit of sand gets inside the mollusk's shell. A lustrous substance, called nacre, is secreted around the object to protect the soft internal surface of the mollusk. As layer upon layer of nacre coats the irritant, a pearl is formed.” • “This process of building a solid pearl can take up to seven or eight years.” • “The principal oyster beds lay in the Persian Gulf, along the coasts of India and Sri Lanka, and in the Red Sea.” • “The most valuable pearls are perfectly symmetrical, relatively large and naturally produced. They have a shimmering iridescence which is called orient luster.” http://www.bernardine.com/gemstones/pearl.htm

  6. EMERALDS

  7. Facts • Month – May • “Prized since ancient times, a fine emerald can be more expensive than a high quality diamond of the same carat weight.” • “Emeralds are green members of the popular beryl family of minerals. The green color occurs when pure, clear beryl contains either chromium or vanadium.” • “Colombian emeralds are among the world's most beautiful” • “Emeralds are traditionally thought to enhance the clairvoyance of their wearers.” • “Traditionally, emeralds are worn to promote healing and enhance love and contentment.” http://jewelry.about.com/cs/emeralds/a/emeraldjewelry.htm

  8. OPALS

  9. FACTS • Month – October • “Opal is formed at low temperatures from silica-bearing waters and can occur in fissures and cavities of any rock type.” • “Most opals come from Australia. The most precious type of opal, the black opal, is only mined in Australia. Like snowflakes, every opal is unique.” • “Spheres packed together leave gaps. When light passes into an opal, it bounces around through the silica spheres and the gaps among them. It bends as it enters some of the material. It also is diffracted, the white light split into rainbow colors.” • “In most cultures and throughout history, the opal is and has been believed to be a lucky stone imbued with mystical or supernatural powers. Among Europeans, opal is a symbol of hope, truth and purity.” http://www.ehow.com/about_5066366_opal.html

  10. AQUAMARINE

  11. FACTS • Month – March • “The most valuable aquamarines come from Brazil, but it is also mined in Kenya and Nigeria, Madagascar, Zambia, Tanzania, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Russia.” • “Some gemstones are heated to high temperatures to enhance the color and/or clarity of a stone. Aquamarines are often heat treated to change a blue-green or teal colored stone to a pure blue. This results in a permanent color change.” • Believed to endow the wearer with foresight, courage, and happiness, increase intelligence and make one youthful. As a healing stone, it is said to be effective as a treatment for anxiety and in the Middle Ages it was thought that aquamarine would reduce the effect of poisons. http://www.bernardine.com/gemstones/aquamarine.htm

  12. GARNET

  13. FACTS • Month – January • “All garnets are a variation on silica.” • “They are relatively easy to work with, and the red color variety exists in plentiful quantities around the world.” • “The highly sought after andradite garnet is also rare. The dematoid variety of andradite is green due to its chromium content.” • “Mention garnets and most people think of a dark, red stone, but garnets come in every color except blue.” • “African countries are the source of most garnets; however, India, Brazil, Sri Lanka, Central America, South America and the United States also produce them.” • “One of the biblical 12 tribes of Israel used garnet as a symbol.” • “n Kashmir in 1892, the Hunzas used garnet bullets to fight the British, in the belief that garnets were deadlier than lead.” http://www.ehow.com/about_5452986_garnet.html http://www.ehow.com/about_6121985_interesting-garnet.html

  14. SAPPHIRE

  15. FACTS • Month – September • “Sapphire comes from the Greek word for blue, "sappheiros" or from the Persian word "safir", meaning "beloved of Saturn".” • “Although normally thought of as blue, sapphires come in almost any color including yellow, green, white, colorless, pink, orange, brown, and purple. The don't come in red, because red corundum is called ruby.” • “Sapphires are 9.0 on the Mohs scale of hardness, making them the second hardest natural mineral.” • “Colorless and pale blue sapphires may be heated to high temperatures to give them an intense blue color. Heating also removes small inclusions, so it can improve clarity.” http://www.squidoo.com/aboutsapphires

  16. RUBIES

  17. FACTS • Month – July • “It comes in a variety of colors from the light almost champagne hue to what is marcarbly called "pigeon's blood", which is almost a pure red. Ruby is a hard gem just below diamond and is rated 9 on the mohs scale of hardness.” • “The term ruby comes from the latin 'ruber', meaning red and in sanskrit the ruby is called the 'king of precious stones’” • “During the course of history, rubies have been so highly prized and valued that they have, at times, reached a value over 7 times the value of diamonds.” • “Rubies are thought to induce strong dreams that provide guidance and teaching in ones life.” • “Nearly all the rubies that are on the market are heat-treated to enhance their color, according to AwesomeGems.com.” • “A ruby's color is the biggest factor in determining its value: The deeper its red hue, the more it's worth. “ http://library.thinkquest.org/TQ0311543/ruby.htm http://www.ehow.com/facts_5147940_ruby-stone.html

  18. AMETHYST

  19. FACTS • Month – February • “Amethyst is the purple variety of quartz and the most valued member of the quartz family. It must be purple to be amethyst, but it can display a range of shades including deep purple, light lilac, lavender and mauve.” • “Its purple color made it a stone of royalty for many thousands of years.” • “Amethyst can occur as crystals that are six sided on either end. It also forms as drusy which are crystalline crusts covering the host rock.” • “Has been used to guard against drunkenness and is thought to be helpful in overcoming addiction. It has been used for hearing disorders, insomnia, headaches and other pain. Some sources suggest it is used to stabilize mental disorders.” http://www.bernardine.com/gemstones/amethyst.htm

  20. TOURMALINE

  21. FACTS • “Although tourmaline is often considered to be a single mineral it is actually a group of related minerals. Tourmaline is a crystal silicate mineral that usually occurs in long, slender columns.” • “Tourmaline comes in a variety of colors including yellow, blue, green, pink, red, black, bluish black, brown and multicolored. Some types of the mineral change color when viewed from various angles. • “Tourmaline that is pink at one end and green at the other is known as watermelon tourmaline.” • “All colors of tourmaline are faceted into gems for use in jewelry. It is a popular, beautiful and affordable gem.” • “The gem is believed to increase self-confidence, amplify psychic energy and dispel fear and grief. It is also used to aid concentration and improve communication.” http://www.ehow.com/about_4702186_facts-mineral-tourmaline.html

  22. AMBER

  23. FACTS • “Amber deposits have been found that range between 360 and one million years old.” • “As sticky resin oozed from ancient pine trees, small insects, plant material, feathers and other small objects in the path of the flow became entrapped.  Over time, the resin was encased in dirt and debris and through a process of heat and pressure it fossilized to become amber.” • “Most amber that has been used in jewelry is from the region of the Baltic Sea or the Dominican Republic.” • “Amber is very soft, between 2 1/2-3 on the Mohs scale and can be scratched easily.”  • “Make a saturated solution of regular table salt and water and place the piece of amber in this mixture. If it floats, it is amber. If it sinks it is man-made.” http://www.bernardine.com/gemstones/amber.htm

  24. TIGER’S EYE

  25. FACTS • “It is one of the chatoyant gemstones. Chatoyancyexhibits a changeable silky luster as light is reflected within the thin parallel fibrous bands.” • “As a healing stone, tiger eye is thought to be effective for ailments of the eyes and to aid night vision. It is helpful in reducing addiction to alcohol, tobacco and other stimulants and lessens the craving to eat excessively. Also aids digestion and helps with stomach, gall bladder and ulcer problems.” • “Many legends about quartz say that wearing tiger's eye (which is a form of quartz) is beneficial for health and spiritual well being. Legend also says it is a psychic protector, great for business, and an aid to achieving clarity http://www.bernardine.com/birthstone/tiger-eye.htm

  26. PERIDOT

  27. FACTS • Month – August • Peridot’s green color comes from a 10-15% presence of iron. Trace amounts of Chromium can also add to their green color. • Peridot is not typically enhanced or treated. Since it is a relatively inexpensive stone synthetic material does not exist. • Peridot has approximately the same hardness as amethyst and tanzanite but is not as hard as emerald, ruby, sapphire, or diamond. • Peridot is one of the most difficult gemstones to polish. Vinegar is sometimes used to help in the polishing process. • Typical inclusions in a peridot gemstone include veils that look like a milky white ribbon, black specks of biotite, and liquid-gas inclusions called lily pads that look like fried eggs or spaceships. http://www.arizona-peridot.com/Peridot_Facts.html

  28. The End http://jewelrybyjenna.com/web_images/gemstones.gif

  29. Image Sources • Diamonds: http://www.jewelrybloguncovered.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/diamond1.jpg, http://www.diamondvues.com/84%20Carat%20Diamond.jpg, http://mrbarlow.files.wordpress.com/2009/02/diamond.jpg, http://www.modernjeweler.com/images/article/1127841408987_Hi_perform_diamond_pg95.jpg, http://www.minresco.com/dinolite/dinolite%20images/diamond%20ring%2007.jpg, http://www.debeersgroup.com/ImageVault/Images/id_1053/width_489/scope_0/ImageVaultHandler.aspx, http://www.debeersgroup.com/About-diamonds/a-few-famous-diamonds/, http://www.baccifinejewelry.com/images/od_diamond_oval.gif • Pearls: http://www.chicjewelrylive.com/images/sample_pearl354.jpg, http://www.thedeenshow.com/uploads/article/aadd5186a8ab95f52f238dfbf21be219_pearls.jpg, http://www.subvertednation.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/discomfort-creates-pearls.jpg, http://applesofgold.com/jewelryblog/images/2009/06/Tahitian-black-pearl-ring.jpg, http://www.123giftfactory.com/upload/product/4/fa375fcae0b8f784e70d8bd8656dacd4.jpg • Emeralds:http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_nriEWFM6N8s/THocgrApkZI/AAAAAAAAAFI/1RbhzrOHGPY/s320/Emeralds.jpg, http://www.jewellerygem.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/Emerald-jewelry.jpg, http://www.sunnybead.com/old/emerald.JPG, http://www.angara.com/gemstone-detail.do?method=stoneDetail&sq=st-em&pID=615798, http://ringoblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/emerald-and-diamond-rings.jpg • Opals: http://skywalker.cochise.edu/wellerr/mingem/gemtl/opal/6yy-fire-opal1.jpg, http://www.australianblackopals.com/images/frontnew1.jpg, http://agsblingblog.files.wordpress.com/2010/10/australian-opal.jpg, http://www.sodahead.com/fun/my-birth-stone-is/question-1492887/?link=ibaf&imgurl=http://www.gemworld.com/Tucson01/Opal-Bright2L.jpg&q=opal, http://www.pir.sa.gov.au/__data/assets/image/0003/80760/Opal_Andamooka.JPG, http://www.blackopaldirect.com/images/category/boulder%20opal1.jpg, http://www.blackopalworld.com/bluegreensolidblackopal530ct-p-226.html

  30. Aquamarine: http://www.robertsjewels.com/images/aquamarine2.jpg, http://www.jewellerygem.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/Aquamarine-March-Gemstone-Ocean-Dreams.jpg, http://www.modernjeweler.com/images/article/1176162787900_AfricanAquamarine_John-Dyer.jpg, http://thaigemstore.com/catalog/images/Aquamarine.jpg, http://ww1.prweb.com/prfiles/2008/07/11/261416/aquamarine.JPG, http://www.palagems.com/Images/gem_news/feat_aquamarine20pt72.jpg • Garnet: http://images.wikia.com/dragonage/images/a/a2/Garnet.jpg, http://www.gimizu.de/sgmcol/gems/garnet.png, http://witchcraft-supplies.com/Crystals/garnets.jpg, http://www.a1-birthstone-jewelry.com/images/january-birthstone-garnet.jpg, http://www.gimizu.de/sgmcol/gems/garnet.png, http://www.gemselect.com/other-info/graphics/spessartite-garnet-large_info.jpg • Sapphire: http://www.primagem.com/Sapphire_Link_op_800x707.jpg, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/diamond/images/gp15sapphire.jpg, http://www.shaysjewelers.com/images/gem_sapphire.jpg, http://www.xmission.com/~jbdaniel/assets/sapphire.jpg, http://www.sodahead.com/fun/my-birth-stone-is/question-1492887/?link=ibaf&imgurl=http://www.beadsmanufacturers.com/product/95674.jpg&q=sapphire, http://list-of-birthstones.com/Pictures%20of%20Birthstones/Sapphires%20birthstones.jpg, http://www.talismancoins.com/catalog/Sapphires.jpg, http://betterthandiamond.com/images/sapphires/Asscher_Kashmir_Blue_Sapphire.jpg • Rubies: http://www.jewelinfo4u.com/images/Gallery/ruby.jpg, http://www.ramaura.com/10Ramaura%20Rubies.jpg, http://janeheller.mlblogs.com/rubies.jpg, http://davidleegg.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/ruby.jpg, http://gbconnect.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/rubies.jpg, http://mineralsciences.si.edu/_img/acquisitions/carmenlucia.png, http://s3.amazonaws.com/thrivesmart/pictures/22/uncut-ruby-gemstones.original.jpg?1233023309 • Amethyst: http://www.jewelinfo4u.com/images/Gallery/mineralminers_amethyst1.jpg, http://www.robertsjewels.com/images/amethyst2.jpg, http://mystiquerose.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/amethyst-103.jpg, http://www.easyonlinecoupons.com/wp-content/uploads/amethyst-ring.jpg, http://www.crystalbear.com/userimages/amethyst2.JPG, http://www.astrouniverse.com/gems/amethyst.jpg, http://www.gemselect.com/other-info/graphics/amethyst-large_info.jpg, http://www.glitteringstones.com/Images/amethyst-stones.jpg

  31. Tourmaline: http://www.stellarjewelry.com/images/Tourmaline-green-013.jpg, http://www.palagems.com/Images/tourmaline/bi-color_tour.-acorn.jpg, http://www.palagems.com/Images/tourmaline/tourmaline_suite.jpg, http://www.robertandsophie.com/images/tourmaline-watermelon-slices.jpg, http://www.dansstarrgems.com/images/Gem0034-Glitter-Drop-Heart-5.75-ct-Tourmaline-4.jpg, http://www.gemselect.com/other-info/graphics/tourmaline.jpg, http://www.spectralgems.net/img/Tourmaline/Pink/Lg-PinkTourmalineOval490.jpg, http://www.palagems.com/Images/gem_news/featured_neon_tourm.jpg • Amber: http://www.gehnabazaar.com/images/imagesite/amber_mix_closeup_427x281.jpg, http://sitaracollections.com/images/amber_finger_ring_jrz95.jpg, http://www.gemselect.com/other-info/graphics/amber-gem_large.jpg, https://spiritoftherock.sslpowered.com/ArtClayCanada.com/prodimages/Gems/Ebay%20gems/amber%2014x10_%204.00.jpg, http://www.mocoi.com/0gems/Amber/GET%204.90%20ct%20UNHEATED%20Baltic%20Honey%20AMBER%20g.jpg, http://www.gemselect.com/photos/amber-gem-238379a.jpg, http://www.terratreasures.com/listings/drpolished300e.jpg, http://s1.hubimg.com/u/731644_f120.jpg • Tiger’s Eye: http://crystal-cure.com/pics/marble-tiger.jpg, http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_3SdVQe5mP8U/SdhcStQIdBI/AAAAAAAAIzk/7m5Cd3rzElw/s320/Tigers-Eye.jpg, http://vibrationalmedicinestore.com/images/Tigers_Eye_2.JPG, http://www.free-images.org.uk/crystals/08-tigers-eye.htm, http://www.turamali.com.au/images/tigers%20eye.jpg, http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_rflAjgt-ImU/TEiFRTDmulI/AAAAAAAAAM8/pi6ycGhnaaw/s1600/tigers-eye-gem.jpg, http://batumulia99.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/tiger_eye3.jpg • Peridot: http://www.robertsjewels.com/images/peridot2.jpg, http://www.dsarrosgems.com/images/AugustPeridot.jpg, http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_fm4eqwDhVW4/Sng-d6_cT3I/AAAAAAAACTA/KaR5_QU529Y/s320/Peridot.jpg, http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_6CPSztB5ngw/SJbab1IY9UI/AAAAAAAAAXo/h62qbTQpCHs/s320/Peridot%2BGemstone.jpg, http://list-of-birthstones.com/Pictures%20of%20Birthstones/Peridot%20birthstones.jpg, http://www.gemselect.com/other-info/graphics/peridot-gem-large_info.jpg, http://www.annsatic.com/jewelry/jpg/peridot.jpg, http://www.enerchilivingspaces.com/shop/wpimages/peridot.jpg, http://www.foreverjewelers.com/storeimages/products/R1139DP-LG.jpg

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