Salutary Neglect and The French and Indian War

1. Salutary Neglect and The French and Indian War

2. Salutary Neglect • The philosophy that England should leave the colonies alone to prosper • Great for the colonies (benefitted from England), but England doesn’t prosper

3. The Navigation Acts • Earliest form of English control passed from 1650-1673 • Weak enforcement, customs officers took bribes from merchants • Parliament relaxes restrictions to appease merchants

4. The Colonies Divided • Colonists viewed themselves as “Virginians”, “New Yorkers” (and British), not Americans • Colonial legislatures are becoming more powerful • Colonists are feeling threatened by the French and Indians

5. The Albany Plan of Union • Benjamin Franklin proposed a plan to unite the colonies against the common threat • Colonies would have kept most of their power, colonial legislatures intact • Federal government would have power to negotiate with Indians, levy war, and some taxes

6. In Pennsylvania Gazette

7. England and France Like to Fight! • Queen Anne’s War (1701-1713)- England fought against Spain and France and gained Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland in the Treaty of Utrecht • King George’s War (1744-1748)- England fights France but gives back the fort at Louisbourg which angers the colonists • Relationships between the English, French, and Iroquois are falling apart (balance of power)

8. The French Lands

9. Fort Necessity • France doesn’t trust the British and begins to construct forts in the Ohio Valley • British are threatened and begin making their own forts • The Iroquois ally with the British but try to stay out of it • George Washington is sent to challenge French expansion

10. Fort Necessity

11. Battle of Fort Necessity (1754) • Washington attacked a French garrison previously, which killed their commander Jumonville. (story of Indian, tomahawk, and brains) • Washington constructs Fort Necessity and expects an attack, which happens • He surrenders for the only time after 1/3 of soldiers die, admits he assassinated Jumonville (translation?), and goes back to Virginia • The French and Indian War (1754-1763) begins

12. Phase 1- Colonial Struggle with some British Help • Mostly a colonial struggle with very little British help • General Braddock tries to take back forts and fails miserably (he dies)

13. Phase 2- England and France Declare War (1756) • England officially enters war • William Pitt takes over the war effort and exerts more control over the colonies • Colonists are “impressed” into service • Problems between the British and colonial troops

14. Phase 3- Pitt Relaxes Policies • If you provide the troops, we’ll pay for the war • More power to colonial recruiters • British send more troops and supplies • The British overwhelm the French with sieges on Lousibourg, Duquesne, and at Quebec • “Scalp Bounties”- pay for Indian scalps

15. Death of General James Wolfe

16. Peace of Paris (1763) • France gives Great Britain a lot of land including: • Most colonies in India • West Indian Islands • Canada • All French Territories East of the Mississippi (except New Orleans)

17. Before and After

18. Impact of the War • England gets a lot of land • France loses power and land • British mad at colonists poor military techniques, lack of financial contributions, and effort • British and colonists are in contact with eachother (us v. them) • Unifies colonists • Indians lose a lot of power • Britain has a huge war debt- we need to get taxes

19. Britain takes more control of colonies • Start contributing and stop freeloading! • Sets the stage for the American Revolution