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PhD Thesis Program of Serena Novero

ECONOMIC-TERRITORIAL FIRMS AGGLOMERATIONS: ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF PUBLIC POLICIES ADDRESSED TO SUSTAIN THE DEVELOPMENT AND THE TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION IN THE COUNTRIES. PhD Thesis Program of Serena Novero. Doctorate in Economy and Management of Technology - University of Bergamo

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PhD Thesis Program of Serena Novero

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  1. ECONOMIC-TERRITORIAL FIRMS AGGLOMERATIONS: ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF PUBLIC POLICIES ADDRESSED TO SUSTAIN THE DEVELOPMENT AND THE TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION IN THE COUNTRIES PhD Thesis Program of Serena Novero Doctorate in Economy and Management of Technology - University of Bergamo Ceris - Cnr, Torino – www.ceris.cnr.it

  2. Preliminary remarks: • New increasing attention to agglomeration phenomenos due to the competitiveness in national and international markets need of “make a system” to contrast it • Attention to networks in their different types, characteristics, way of development, points of strenght and weakness, role in innovation production: • In Italy: Industrial and Technological Districts (Marshall, 1890; Antonelli, 1986) • In the world: Perroux Poles (1955-’71); Clusters (Porter, 1990); Milieu Innovateur (Camagni, Cappellin,Brenner, 2000); Networks; Poles de Compétitivité (2005) • SMEs, Big firms, Centre of research, Public Bodies, spread know-how, skilled workers Serena Novero – Maastricht, October 2007

  3. Element of success: ability of cohesion and collaboration among them • Important rule in territorial performances: rise of territorial specificities and innovations in products and processes • Research Question 1: Differences among economic agglomerations, in particulary between districts and clusters: the role and the relationship with the areas of location the topic has been only partially treated • Paper 1: • “Economic-territorial agglomerations of enterprises: typologies, definitions, characteristics, comparison” Serena Novero – Maastricht, October 2007

  4. Paper 1: • Storical excursus of the teories of economic agglomerations: birth of the different agglomeration typologies, their evolutions and their diversification • Importance of technological innovation in TD, poles and clusters and their role in it P.Aydalot,1986; C.Antonelli, 1986-2003; G.Becattini, 1991-2000; F.Belussi, 2002; H.Bennett, 1992; Bergman E., Feser E., 1999; Bottazzi G., Dosi G., Fagiolo G., 2002; Huggins R., 2001; Krugman P., 1991 M.Lazzeroni, 2001-2004 Lorenzen E., Maskell P.,2004 Lorenzoni G., 1990 Markusen, A., 1996, Marshall A., 1890-1920 Maskell P., 2001 Mills E.S., 1992 Ozcan S., 2004 Patrono A.,2002 Piccaluga A., 2002-2003 Porter, M.E., 1990-2000 Rullani E.,1997 Sforzi, F., 1990-2002 Storper M.,, 1992 Brenner T., 2000-2001; Callegati E., Grandi S., 2005 Cavallo C., 2002; Cesaroni, 2003; Cooke P.,1998-2006; Dümmler Patrick, 2003; Guerrieri P., Pietrobelli C., 2001 Harrison B. Serena Novero – Maastricht, October 2007

  5. Territorial transitions and life cycles of districts phenomenons have been recognized • Necessity of a public intervention Research Question 2: Which is the innovationpolicies impact on economic/territorial agglomerations? And which are the most important points of these collaborations? How public policies have to work to gain positive results? Serena Novero – Maastricht, October 2007

  6. Paper 2:“Technological districts and innovation: TT policies and processes, methods and measures of valuation of public actions, analysis of the impact of public policies made to their support – The case of Canavese” • Centrality of knowledges and innovations (territorially localized) • Innovation and Technological Transfer policies = the solution for innovation problems of firms? • Strategic variable for SMEs • First responsable of success or failure of the policy actions made • Foundamental for innovative knowledges diffusion • Different in dissimilar ambits • Transfer the knowledges in the space new variable: a field of stregths • Characteristics, subjects and channels envolved

  7. Subjects: sources, interfaces, users importance of relationship among them Channels of communication:- a network among the econimic actors - public bodies and structuresTechnological intermediaryTT could be: - formal: patents, licences, spinn-off, R&D collaborations, join ventures, mergers, consortia - informal: direct contacts • Different methods of transmission: • Tacit knowledges undirect way (services) firms • Esplicit knowledges direct way (texts, workshops,patents) institute of research Serena Novero – Maastricht, October 2007

  8. Address of TT: - Market oriented: active TT because it creates financial fees in the Centre of research involved: measured in units of money - Education oriented: it produces benefits in the long time for the receiving social system, it increas the level of knowledges: measured with the n° of courses, students, doctorate, etc.. • Methods and measures of impact of innovation policies? Analysis of a tangible case: how the development of technological district of Canavese has been supported - The story of the area Serena Novero – Maastricht, October 2007

  9. THE CANAVESE AREA • In the north-west of Italy, in Piedmont, at north of Turin Serena Novero – Maastricht, October 2007

  10. The snapshot of Canavese in the nineties: • The firms 1 Big Firm : Olivetti, 1908 - Ivrea 290 High-Tech SMEs of informatic, elettronic semimanufactured and ICT products or services • December 1993 • Province of Turin • Commune of Ivrea • Association of Industrial Managers of Canavese Founded: Consortium for the Technological District of Canavese (CTDC - www.canavese.to.it) • The innovative 5 Centres of Competence : Cellular Sheet services of TT Laser Mechanical engineering Microsystems Metal Pressing Serena Novero – Maastricht, October 2007

  11. T.S. (Tecnologia & Sviluppo) CANAVESE July 1999 – September 2001 PIA (Progetti Integrati d’Area) 01 July 2003 – May 2005 PIA 02 May 2004 – December 2005 PIA 03 August 2004 – December 2005 DIADI January 2004 – December 2006 CF 2 October 2005 – March 2008 The objective of each project was to give a significative impulse to the technological, economic and social development of the manufacturing industry of the area, supporting the rise of the competitiveness and of the employment in the local SMEs THE CTDC PROJECTS: Serena Novero – Maastricht, October 2007

  12. The technical services (described in a technical way) given to Canavese High Tech firms in the projects : • A Planning and making machineries • B Metallographic analysis for problems rise during the welding • C Use of laser technology • D Analyses and advices • E Certification of the products • F Use of the laboratories and services that the Centre supply • G Studies of fattibility • H Others different collaboration in the future Serena Novero – Maastricht, October 2007

  13. The firms: definited with ATECO - ISTAT activities code

  14. Y = Balance sheet performances (sales, ROI, G.O.M.) Valuation of their impact - The method (Antonelli, 2005)Balance sheets data, comparison with the area as a whole (index) and probit models: X12 = Results and possible developments X13 = Processes or products modifications, patents X14 = Projects execution X15 = Further developments X16 = Technological Status of each firm, before and after the collaborations X17 = Technological level and utility interventions X18 = Their impact in the production X17 = Relationships with the Centre X18 = if new employments have been done or are preview X19 = if new opportunity of work are rised X1 = ATECO code of activity of the firm X2 = Size of the firm (number of employeers) X3 = Gross Operative Margin (GOM = A.V. - salaries & wages) X4 = Sales X5 = Profit X6 = GOM / Sales X7 = ROS, ROI, ROE X8 = existing technological problems X9 = Centre of Competence involved X10 = Objectives of the collaborations (A-H) X11 = Feasibility studies

  15. SOME RESULTS.. • Probability of success of an innovative project = 62% • Larger firms answer better to innovation • Previous high technological status has a big weight • Types and high technical quality of the collaborations are also very important • Firms belonging to the sectors 28, 29, 30 and 72 have had a bigger economic growth and have required mostly the collaborations C and D. • Firms of sectors 25, 27, 28 and 51 have had a better evolution of employment. • Collaborations B, C, D and E have given a good result for the increase of the employment

  16. COLLABORATIONS Serena Novero – Maastricht, October 2007

  17. It(.) = f(collabt) + f (relationshipt) + f(serv.typologyt) + f(locationt) + + f(feasibilityt) + f(projectt) + vt Bt(.) = f (ATECOt) + f (sizet) + f (salest) + f (profitt) + f (tech.problemst) + + f (collabt) + f (tech.statust) + f(serv.typologyt) + wt Innovativeness ? Balance sheet Collaborations Services typologies

  18. Research Question 3: How enterprises in economical territorial agglomerations of others UE Countries have been supported by public interventions finalized to their innovation? and which have been their impacts? International comparison with the French case Serena Novero – Maastricht, October 2007

  19. PAPER 3: AN INTERNATIONAL CONFRONTATION: FROM LPS (Local Productive Systems) TO CP (Competition Poles), FRENCH POLICIES GENESIS AND EVOLUTION • French Poles de Compétitivité: points of strength and weakness • Policies and the governance management followed by the regional governments – International comparison • Their impacts: effects on technological innovation, creation and diffusion of knowledges, abilities and technologies, training of skilled employeers, spillovers • Results on firms balance sheets Serena Novero – Maastricht, October 2007

  20. Conclusions: • Determination of typologies of interventions useful to substain technology innovation and to support firms development, competitiveness and networking. All that to: Cut down the costs Favour a fast circulations of ideas and projects Allow the development of the areas Serena Novero – Maastricht, October 2007

  21. Thank you for the attention! Serena Novero

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