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2. Chapter 1 (BEGINNINGS-1700)

3. Chapter 1 Key Terms and People

4. 100 Answer A huge fleet of about 130 ships that controlled power in the European waters for decades until a terrible defeat to the English in 1588. Migration of Early Peoples 6. Conquistadors Native American Culture Areas 7. Spain’s Effects on Native Trade Routes, 1200’s-1400’s Americans European Exploration - NW Passage 8. Printing Press The Columbian Exchange 9. Spanish Armada 10. European Empires in NA in 1700’s

5. 200 Answer Spanish soldiers who led military expeditions in the Americas in search for land, gold, and glory. Hernan Cortes and Francisco Pizarro Migration of Early Peoples 6. Conquistadors Native American Culture Areas 7. Spain’s Effects on Native Trade Routes, 1200’s-1400’s Americans European Exploration - NW Passage 8. Printing Press The Columbian Exchange 9. Spanish Armada 10. European Empires in NA in 1700’s

6. 300 Answer Migration of Early Peoples 6. Conquistadors Native American Culture Areas 7. Spain’s Effects on Native Trade Routes, 1200’s-1400’s Americans European Exploration - NW Passage 8. Printing Press The Columbian Exchange 9. Spanish Armada 10. European Empires in NA in 1700’s

7. 400 Answer Migration of Early Peoples 6. Conquistadors Native American Culture Areas 7. Spain’s Effects on Native Trade Routes, 1200’s-1400’s Americans European Exploration - NW Passage 8. Printing Press The Columbian Exchange 9. Spanish Armada 10. European Empires in NA in 1700’s

8. 500 Answer A machine that produces printed copies was developed by Johann Gutenburg in 1450. Books could be mass produced quickly instead of recopying every word by hand. Migration of Early Peoples 6. Conquistadors Native American Culture Areas 7. Spain’s Effects on Native Trade Routes, 1200’s-1400’s Americans European Exploration - NW Passage 8. Printing Press The Columbian Exchange 9. Spanish Armada 10. European Empires in NA in 1700’s

9. 600 Answer Transfer of plants, animals, and diseases from two different areas of the world. Migration of Early Peoples 6. Conquistadors Native American Culture Areas 7. Spain’s Effects on Native Trade Routes, 1200’s-1400’s Americans European Exploration - NW Passage 8. Printing Press The Columbian Exchange 9. Spanish Armada 10. European Empires in NA in 1700’s

10. 700 Answer A ship route from the Atlantic to the Pacific that European explorers sought to find to shorten the distance of travel from Europe to China without going around the tip of South America. Migration of Early Peoples 6. Conquistadors Native American Culture Areas 7. Spain’s Effects on Native Trade Routes, 1200’s-1400’s Americans European Exploration - NW Passage 8. Printing Press The Columbian Exchange 9. Spanish Armada 10. European Empires in NA in 1700’s

11. 800 Answer To reward settlers for their service to the Crown, Spain established the encomienda (en-koh-mee-EN-duh) system. It gave settlers the right to tax local Native Americans or to make them work. In exchange, these settlers were supposed to protect local American Indians and convert them to Christianity. In other words, the Spainards enslaved the local populations and forced them into Catholic beliefs. Spanish missions were setup throughout present day areas of Mexico, California, and Texas. Migration of Early Peoples 6. Conquistadors Native American Culture Areas 7. Spain’s Effects on Native Trade Routes, 1200’s-1400’s Americans European Exploration - NW Passage 8. Printing Press The Columbian Exchange 9. Spanish Armada 10. European Empires in NA in 1700’s

12. 900 Answer Hundreds of tribes settled throughout the Americas. Their lives depended on their geographic locations. If they lived in cold climates, the tribes followed their food to survive. If they lived in warmer climates, the people were able to grow their food instead. Migration of Early Peoples 6. Conquistadors Native American Culture Areas 7. Spain’s Effects on Native Trade Routes, 1200’s-1400’s Americans European Exploration - NW Passage 8. Printing Press The Columbian Exchange 9. Spanish Armada 10. European Empires in NA in 1700’s

13. 1000 Answer The Silk Road connected Europe and the Middle East with goods from China. Ocean routes connected Africa, Europe, and Asia where a variety of goods were traded such as salt, gold, fabrics, and spices. Migration of Early Peoples 6. Conquistadors Native American Culture Areas 7. Spain’s Effects on Native Trade Routes, 1200’s-1400’s Americans European Exploration - NW Passage 8. Printing Press The Columbian Exchange 9. Spanish Armada 10. European Empires in NA in 1700’s

14. Chapter 2 - The English Colonies (1605-1774)

15. Chapter 2 Key Terms and People

16. 100 Answer (1689) This document lead to a shift of political power from the British monarchy to Parliament. It gave more rights to the people. The Southern Colonies “Southern Wealth” 8. English Bill of Rights Slave codes 9. The 13 Colonies Mayflower Compact 10. Triangular Trade The New England Colonies 11. Empires in 1754 and 1763 The Middle Colonies 12. The Atlantic Slave Trade Staple crops 13. Taxation w/o Representation America’s Growth by 1760 14. Five events leading to Revolution

17. 200 Answer Slave populations drastically increased from 1700 to 1750 due to huge demand for labor in the tobacco fields. New laws were created to control slaves. It was done to prevent revolts. The Southern Colonies “Southern Wealth” 8. English Bill of Rights Slave codes 9. The 13 Colonies Mayflower Compact 10. Triangular Trade The New England Colonies 11. Empires in 1754 and 1763 The Middle Colonies 12. The Atlantic Slave Trade Staple crops 13. Taxation w/o Representation America’s Growth by 1760 14. Five events leading to Revolution

18. 300 Answer A crop that is in constant demand. The Southern Colonies “Southern Wealth” 8. English Bill of Rights Slave codes 9. The 13 Colonies Mayflower Compact 10. Triangular Trade The New England Colonies 11. Empires in 1754 and 1763 The Middle Colonies 12. The Atlantic Slave Trade Staple crops 13. Taxation w/o Representation America’s Growth by 1760 14. Five events leading to Revolution

19. 400 Answer A document written by the Pilgrims establishing themselves as a political society and setting guidelines for self-government. (1620) The Southern Colonies “Southern Wealth” 8. English Bill of Rights Slave codes 9. The 13 Colonies Mayflower Compact 10. Triangular Trade The New England Colonies 11. Empires in 1754 and 1763 The Middle Colonies 12. The Atlantic Slave Trade Staple crops 13. Taxation w/o Representation America’s Growth by 1760 14. Five events leading to Revolution

20. 500 Answer Colonists did not think it was fair to be taxed by the British without their consent. The Southern Colonies “Southern Wealth” 8. English Bill of Rights Slave codes 9. The 13 Colonies Mayflower Compact 10. Triangular Trade The New England Colonies 11. Empires in 1754 and 1763 The Middle Colonies 12. The Atlantic Slave Trade Staple crops 13. Taxation w/o Representation America’s Growth by 1760 14. Five events leading to Revolution

21. 600 Answer The Southern Colonies “Southern Wealth” 8. English Bill of Rights Slave codes 9. The 13 Colonies Mayflower Compact 10. Triangular Trade The New England Colonies 11. Empires in 1754 and 1763 The Middle Colonies 12. The Atlantic Slave Trade Staple crops 13. Taxation w/o Representation America’s Growth by 1760 14. Five events leading to Revolution

22. 700 Answer The Southern Colonies “Southern Wealth” 8. English Bill of Rights Slave codes 9. The 13 Colonies Mayflower Compact 10. Triangular Trade The New England Colonies 11. Empires in 1754 and 1763 The Middle Colonies 12. The Atlantic Slave Trade Staple crops 13. Taxation w/o Representation America’s Growth by 1760 14. Five events leading to Revolution

23. 800 Answer Maine, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, Pennsylvannia, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia The Southern Colonies “Southern Wealth” 8. English Bill of Rights Slave codes 9. The 13 Colonies Mayflower Compact 10. Triangular Trade The New England Colonies 11. Empires in 1754 and 1763 The Middle Colonies 12. The Atlantic Slave Trade Staple crops 13. Taxation w/o Representation America’s Growth by 1760 14. Five events leading to Revolution

24. 900 Answer 1. The Pilgrims and Puritans came to America to avoid religious persecution. 2. Religion and government were closely linked in these colonies. 3. The economy was based on trade and farming. 4. Education was important. Harvard began here. The Southern Colonies “Southern Wealth” 8. English Bill of Rights Slave codes 9. The 13 Colonies Mayflower Compact 10. Triangular Trade The New England Colonies 11. Empires in 1754 and 1763 The Middle Colonies 12. The Atlantic Slave Trade Staple crops 13. Taxation w/o Representation America’s Growth by 1760 14. Five events leading to Revolution

25. 1000 Answer The English colonies in 1760 were located between the Atlantic Ocean and the Appalachian Mountains. The total population of the colonies was around 1.8 million. Soon, however, the colonies began to grow both in size and in population. 95% of the population were farmers. The Southern Colonies “Southern Wealth” 8. English Bill of Rights Slave codes 9. The 13 Colonies Mayflower Compact 10. Triangular Trade The New England Colonies 11. Empires in 1754 and 1763 The Middle Colonies 12. The Atlantic Slave Trade Staple crops 13. Taxation w/o Representation America’s Growth by 1760 14. Five events leading to Revolution

26. Chapter 3 - The American Revolution (1774-1783)

27. Chapter 3 Key Terms and People

28. 100 Answer Fought for independence against the British. First and Second Continental Congress 6b. British Forces “Shot Heard’ round the World” 7. The Patriots Gain Ground Battle of Bunker Hill 8. Winter at Valley Forge Declaration of Independence 9. War Tactics in the South 5a. Patriots “Swamp Fox” 5b. Loyalists 10. Battle of Yorktown 6a. Colonial Forces 11. Treaty of Paris of 1783

29. 200 Answer Remained loyal to the British crown. Also known as Tories. First and Second Continental Congress 6b. British Forces “Shot Heard’ round the World” 7. The Patriots Gain Ground Battle of Bunker Hill 8. Winter at Valley Forge Declaration of Independence 9. War Tactics in the South 5a. Patriots “Swamp Fox” 5b. Loyalists 10. Battle of Yorktown 6a. Colonial Forces 11. Treaty of Paris of 1783

30. 300 Answer This was the last major battle of the war won by the colonists with assistance from the French. First and Second Continental Congress 6b. British Forces “Shot Heard’ round the World” 7. The Patriots Gain Ground Battle of Bunker Hill 8. Winter at Valley Forge Declaration of Independence 9. War Tactics in the South 5a. Patriots “Swamp Fox” 5b. Loyalists 10. Battle of Yorktown 6a. Colonial Forces 11. Treaty of Paris of 1783

31. 400 Answer guerilla warfare First and Second Continental Congress 6b. British Forces “Shot Heard’ round the World” 7. The Patriots Gain Ground Battle of Bunker Hill 8. Winter at Valley Forge Declaration of Independence 9. War Tactics in the South 5a. Patriots “Swamp Fox” 5b. Loyalists 10. Battle of Yorktown 6a. Colonial Forces 11. Treaty of Paris of 1783

32. 500 Answer Demanded certain rights from Great Britain and created the Continental Army to fight the British. The army would be lead by George Washington. First and Second Continental Congress 6b. British Forces “Shot Heard’ round the World” 7. The Patriots Gain Ground Battle of Bunker Hill 8. Winter at Valley Forge Declaration of Independence 9. War Tactics in the South 5a. Patriots “Swamp Fox” 5b. Loyalists 10. Battle of Yorktown 6a. Colonial Forces 11. Treaty of Paris of 1783

33. 600 Answer The strengths of this force were they had a large and powerful navy and were well-trained and well-equipped soldiers. Weaknesses were that many soldiers were mercenairies, and they had to cross the Atlantic Ocean (took 3 months at that time). First and Second Continental Congress 6b. British Forces “Shot Heard’ round the World” 7. The Patriots Gain Ground Battle of Bunker Hill 8. Winter at Valley Forge Declaration of Independence 9. War Tactics in the South 5a. Patriots “Swamp Fox” 5b. Loyalists 10. Battle of Yorktown 6a. Colonial Forces 11. Treaty of Paris of 1783

34. 700 Answer This formally announced the colonies’ break from Great Britain. In doing so, it expressed three main ideas. The first idea Jefferson argued was that all men possess unalienable rights. He stated that these basic rights include “life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.” Jefferson’s next argument was that King George III had violated the colonists’ rights by passing unfair laws and interfering with colonial governments. Third, Jefferson argued that the colonies had the right to break from Britain. First and Second Continental Congress 6b. British Forces “Shot Heard’ round the World” 7. The Patriots Gain Ground Battle of Bunker Hill 8. Winter at Valley Forge Declaration of Independence 9. War Tactics in the South 5a. Patriots “Swamp Fox” 5b. Loyalists 10. Battle of Yorktown 6a. Colonial Forces 11. Treaty of Paris of 1783

35. 800 Answer Despite early defeats by Britain, the Patriots claimed some victories. Saratoga was a turning point in the war. First and Second Continental Congress 6b. British Forces “Shot Heard’ round the World” 7. The Patriots Gain Ground Battle of Bunker Hill 8. Winter at Valley Forge Declaration of Independence 9. War Tactics in the South 5a. Patriots “Swamp Fox” 5b. Loyalists 10. Battle of Yorktown 6a. Colonial Forces 11. Treaty of Paris of 1783

36. 900 Answer This battle proved that the colonists could take on the British. First and Second Continental Congress 6b. British Forces “Shot Heard’ round the World” 7. The Patriots Gain Ground Battle of Bunker Hill 8. Winter at Valley Forge Declaration of Independence 9. War Tactics in the South 5a. Patriots “Swamp Fox” 5b. Loyalists 10. Battle of Yorktown 6a. Colonial Forces 11. Treaty of Paris of 1783

37. 1000 Answer This was a peace agreement that officially ended the Revolutionary War and established British recognition of the independence of the United States. First and Second Continental Congress 6b. British Forces “Shot Heard’ round the World” 7. The Patriots Gain Ground Battle of Bunker Hill 8. Winter at Valley Forge Declaration of Independence 9. War Tactics in the South 5a. Patriots “Swamp Fox” 5b. Loyalists 10. Battle of Yorktown 6a. Colonial Forces 11. Treaty of Paris of 1783

38. Chapter 4 - Forming a Government (1777-1791)

39. Chapter 4 Key Terms and People

40. 100 Answer This branch interprets the laws. Land Ordinance of 1785 and 1787 8a. Legislative Branch Origins of the Constitution 8b. Executive Branch The U.S. Faces Trade Barriers 8c. Judicial Branch with Great Britain 9. Strengths of the Shay’s Rebellion Constitution Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation 10a. Federalists Great Compromise 10b. Antifederalists Three-Fifths Compromise

41. 200 Answer This branch is responsible for proposing and passing laws. It is made up of two houses - The Senate and The House of Representatives. Also known as Congress. Land Ordinance of 1785 and 1787 8a. Legislative Branch Origins of the Constitution 8b. Executive Branch The U.S. Faces Trade Barriers 8c. Judicial Branch with Great Britain 9. Strengths of the Shay’s Rebellion Constitution Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation 10a. Federalists Great Compromise 10b. Antifederalists Three-Fifths Compromise

42. 300 Answer This branch includes the president and the departments that help run the government. They make sure that the law is carried out. Land Ordinance of 1785 and 1787 8a. Legislative Branch Origins of the Constitution 8b. Executive Branch The U.S. Faces Trade Barriers 8c. Judicial Branch with Great Britain 9. Strengths of the Shay’s Rebellion Constitution Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation 10a. Federalists Great Compromise 10b. Antifederalists Three-Fifths Compromise

43. 400 Answer Supporters of the Constitution. James Madison, George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay. Land Ordinance of 1785 and 1787 8a. Legislative Branch Origins of the Constitution 8b. Executive Branch The U.S. Faces Trade Barriers 8c. Judicial Branch with Great Britain 9. Strengths of the Shay’s Rebellion Constitution Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation 10a. Federalists Great Compromise 10b. Antifederalists Three-Fifths Compromise

44. 500 Answer These people were against the Constitution and thought that the Federal government had too much power. Some of these people were Thomas Jefferson and Edmund Randolph. Land Ordinance of 1785 and 1787 8a. Legislative Branch Origins of the Constitution 8b. Executive Branch The U.S. Faces Trade Barriers 8c. Judicial Branch with Great Britain 9. Strengths of the Shay’s Rebellion Constitution Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation 10a. Federalists Great Compromise 10b. Antifederalists Three-Fifths Compromise

45. 600 Answer (1787) An agreement worked out at the Constitutional Convention establishing that a state's population would determine representation in the lower house of the legislature, while each state would have equal representation in the upper house of the legislature. Land Ordinance of 1785 and 1787 8a. Legislative Branch Origins of the Constitution 8b. Executive Branch The U.S. Faces Trade Barriers 8c. Judicial Branch with Great Britain 9. Strengths of the Shay’s Rebellion Constitution Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation 10a. Federalists Great Compromise 10b. Antifederalists Three-Fifths Compromise

46. 700 Answer This event was an uprising of farmers to protest high taxes and heavy debt. Land Ordinance of 1785 and 1787 8a. Legislative Branch Origins of the Constitution 8b. Executive Branch The U.S. Faces Trade Barriers 8c. Judicial Branch with Great Britain 9. Strengths of the Shay’s Rebellion Constitution Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation 10a. Federalists Great Compromise 10b. Antifederalists Three-Fifths Compromise

47. 800 Answer (1787) An agreement worked out at the Constitutional Convention stating that only three-fifths of the slaves in a state would count when determining its population for representation in the lower house of Congress. Land Ordinance of 1785 and 1787 8a. Legislative Branch Origins of the Constitution 8b. Executive Branch The U.S. Faces Trade Barriers 8c. Judicial Branch with Great Britain 9. Strengths of the Shay’s Rebellion Constitution Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation 10a. Federalists Great Compromise 10b. Antifederalists Three-Fifths Compromise

48. 900 Answer Taken from Magna Carta (1215), The Mayflower Compact (1620), English Bill of Rights (1689), The Enlightenment (1700’s), Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom (1786), and colonial assemblies. Land Ordinance of 1785 and 1787 8a. Legislative Branch Origins of the Constitution 8b. Executive Branch The U.S. Faces Trade Barriers 8c. Judicial Branch with Great Britain 9. Strengths of the Shay’s Rebellion Constitution Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation 10a. Federalists Great Compromise 10b. Antifederalists Three-Fifths Compromise

49. 1000 Answer Most power held by states, One branch of government, Legislative branch has few powers, No executive branch, No judicial system, No system of checks and balances Land Ordinance of 1785 and 1787 8a. Legislative Branch Origins of the Constitution 8b. Executive Branch The U.S. Faces Trade Barriers 8c. Judicial Branch with Great Britain 9. Strengths of the Shay’s Rebellion Constitution Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation 10a. Federalists Great Compromise 10b. Antifederalists Three-Fifths Compromise

50. Chapter 5 - Citizenship and the Constitution (1787-PRESENT)