Definition: If any one person is in a position of power or has authority over others, whatever they claim is accepted as

1. Appeal to Authority Example: “A Princeton professor states that the world will end tomorrow, so it must be true.” Definition: If any one person is in a position of power or has authority over others, whatever they claim is accepted as the truth. By: Caprice Paxton and Laura Economides

2. Hasty Generalization • Sample S is taken from population P. • Conclusion C is made about population P based on S. Creating a conclusion about a population when the sample it’s based on is not large enough While walking down a street in Japan, Nora sees a woman wearing a Kimono. After seeing this woman, Nora concludes that all Japanese people wear Kimonos. Rosellen Rother and Nora Wallenius P.3

3. NO: that’s a fallacy Definition: assumption that a compromise between two “extreme” positions (“middle ground”) is correct Middle Ground Fallacy Example: Some people say that spoons are the way to eat soup, other say forks. Therefore, “sporks” must be the utensil to use. Example: I don’t really like rap, and I don’t really like rock, so rap-rock must be sick, right?. Sam Stern, KevinKennedy

4. Appeal to Fear • A statement (y) is made to produce fear. • Making resolution (x) true Snakes are very deadly. Therefore, you need to buy our snake repellent to save yourself and your children.

5. False Dilemma Black & White Thinking Meghan Hansen Michelle Lara

6. Explanation • A False Dilemma is a fallacy in which a person uses a pattern of consistent "reasoning". • This is a fallacy because two statements could be false then it cannot be inferred that one is true because the other is false. • Either 2+2=10 or 2+2=7 • That isn’t the case 2+2=7 • Therefore 2+2=10

7. Examples of False Dilemma • “Look, you are going to have to make up your mind. Either you decide that you can afford this HD TV, or you decide you are going to do without Jay Leno and MSNBC for a while."

8. The expected relationship that a person thinks will happen over thelong run in a particular event or game of chance. During a game of roulette, the player generally expects that a certainnumber will come up if it hasn’t comeup for a reasonable amount of time. Gambler’s Fallacy

9. Why This Doesn’t Work Two people are having an argument of who they think will win the next golf tournament. One argues that he/she thinks that Tiger Woods will definitely win. When asked why, the person states that Woods usually wins his games. Since he hasn’t been winning recently, he/she assumes that Tiger will win this one for certain.

10. Definition: Attacking the other person and not the argument that they give. Ad Hominem Por Ejemplo- Kevin: Dude, bailing homeroom for beezies is not even lope for so many reasons! Cody: Yeah right bro, your just saying that because you are a Kook. Kevin: Did you even listen to anything I told you before? Cody: No! Because I don’t listen to BARNIES.

11. Bandwagon The logical fallacy bandwagon is essentially peer pressure. Person A makes an argument and Group B counters with the threat of alienation from said group, causing Person A to take back their argument. The threat of alienation does not make the Person A’s argument invalid, even if they say take it back. Example: John believes that the sky is blue, but the football team he plays on believes it is green. The captain of the team tells John that he can't be on the team if he believes it is blue, so he agrees that it is green.

12. Example: The San Diego Padres have beat the LA Dodgers six games in a row! When the Dodgers come to town next week, the Padres should have an easy time beating the Dodgers once again. Slippery SlopeByChloe & Natalie Explanation: When one assumes that a specific event will/has/ will most likely arise, and that a second event will without doubt follow.

13. Explanation: If two people are in an argument, and person A makes a point. And person B states a counter argument just to hurt person A. By over exaggerating and twisting the original point. Examples: 1.Blythe and Alexa were baking a cake and Blythe says, “We need half of a cup of flour.” Alexa says, “Why don’t we use one cup of sugar instead? You don’t like anything sweet, do you!” Straw Man

14. Poisoning the Well Megan Yoshitomi Amanda Graeser 9-10-07

15. Definition • Person A presents unsuited information (true or false) about person B. • Therefore any accusations made by person B will be false. Example “Don’t call Mary, she smokes.” You are told in advance that your future mother-in-law is evil. When you meet her, everything she says is faultless.

16. Post Hoc • Jean walks under a ladder, immediately after she trips and falls. Therefore the ladder must have given her bad luck. If an event happens and another event happens after the first, then the first event must have caused the second • Mary breaks a mirror and immediately after finds out her aunt has died. Therefore breaking the mirror must have caused her bad luck. Post hoc seems to be the logical fallacy behind most superstitions.

17. Appeal to Novelty • Definition: If something is new, it is automatically assumed better or correct than previous.

18. Examples: “Since an ipod is newer, than an ipod is better than a CD player.”“My car is new, so therefore it is better.”“this diet is new, so its more effective.” >

19. Burden of Proof also known as Appeal to Ignorance Description of Burden of Proof: It is the fallacy in which the Burden of Proof is on the wrong side of the argument. In arguments, one side has the responsibility of having evidence for its claim (or the Burden of Proof).  The other side does not bear the Burden of Proof, which means its claim is true until proven false by the other side's evidence. The fallacy is when the side that bears the Burden of Proof believes it is true due to the lack of evidence of the other side to prove it wrong Examples:  Tom: “I think that dragons exists.”  Bob: “What is your proof?” Tom: “No one has been able to prove that they don't exist.”   “Since it's impossible to prove that ghost don't exist, it means they do exist.”